---
title: The wood frog lets about two thirds of the water in its body freeze;… — Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders · tree and pragmatics
description: The wood frog lets about two thirds of the water in its body freeze; its heart stops, and sugar works as antifreeze inside its cells until it thaws in spring; doctors study it to learn how to keep organs for transplant, body parts given to sick people, cold for longer. Who acts: wood frog, two third
---

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# Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, sentence 15

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The wood frog lets about two thirds of the water in its body freeze; its heart stops, and sugar works as antifreeze inside its cells until it thaws in spring; doctors study it to learn how to keep organs for transplant, body parts given to sick people, cold for longer.

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**Who acts:** wood frog, two thirds, heart, sugar, doctors · **What happens:** let, freeze, stop, work, thaw, study · **To what, where:** two thirds, cells, sugar, organs, body parts, sick people · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wood frog, two thirds, heart, sugar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:15
# text = The wood frog lets about two thirds of the water in its body freeze; its heart stops, and sugar works as antifreeze inside its cells until it thaws in spring; doctors study it to learn how to keep organs for transplant, body parts given to sick people, cold for longer.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lets	let	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	about	about	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	thirds	third	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	freeze	freeze	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:advcl
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	sugar	sugar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	ccomp	_	_
23	as	as	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	antifreeze	antifreeze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
25	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
28	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	thaws	thaw	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	advcl	_	_
31	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
34	doctors	doctor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nsubj	_	_
35	study	study	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj
36	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	obj	_	_
37	to	to	PART	TO	_	38	mark	_	_
38	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	advcl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=35:xcomp
39	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	41	advmod	_	_
40	to	to	PART	TO	_	41	mark	_	_
41	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	ccomp	_	_
42	organs	organ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obj	_	_
43	for	for	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	transplant	transplant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	_
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
46	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	compound	_	_
47	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obl	_	_
48	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	47	acl	_	_
49	to	to	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
50	sick	sick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	51	amod	_	_
51	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	obl	_	_
52	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
53	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	xcomp	_	_
54	for	for	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
55	longer	long	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	53	obl	_	_
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | present | the wood frog | two thirds of the water in water's body |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **freeze** | infinitive | two thirds of the water in water's body *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **stop** | present | water's heart |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **work** | present | sugar |  |  | water's cells |  | as antifreeze | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.attribute PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent as antifreeze=Attribute |
| 5 | **thaw** | present | sugar |  |  |  | spring |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **study** | present | doctors | sugar |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 7 | **learn** | to-infinitive | doctors *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 8 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  | organs |  |  |  | for transplant; body parts *obl*; cold *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent organ=Theme |
| 9 | **give** | participle |  | body parts *not said here* | sick people |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to people=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:15`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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