---
title: Male frogs call to rivals and females, often blowing up a vocal sac… — Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders · tree and pragmatics
description: Male frogs call to rivals and females, often blowing up a vocal sac that makes the sound louder, like the body of a guitar. Who acts: Male frogs, vocal sac. A sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, sentence 16

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Male frogs call to rivals and females, often blowing up a vocal sac that makes the sound louder, like the body of a guitar.

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**Who acts:** Male frogs, vocal sac · **What happens:** call, blow up, make · **To what, where:** rivals, vocal sac, sound · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Male frogs, vocal sac), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:16
# text = Male frogs call to rivals and females, often blowing up a vocal sac that makes the sound louder, like the body of a guitar.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	rivals	rival	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	females	female	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	often	often	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	blowing	blow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	vocal	vocal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	sac	sac	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	louder	loud	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	16	xcomp	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	like	like	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	guitar	guitar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present | Male frogs |  | rivals and females |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to rival=Recipient |
| 2 | **blow up** | gerund | Male frogs *not said here* | a vocal sac |  |  |  | like the body of a guitar; often *property* | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent sac=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | present | a vocal sac | the sound |  |  |  | loud *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:16`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/15/)
- next →: [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/17/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/)