---
title: The Goliath frog of West Africa can be about 32 cm long and weigh ov… — Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders · tree and pragmatics
description: The Goliath frog of West Africa can be about 32 cm long and weigh over 3 kg, while the smallest frogs are under 8 mm long. Who acts: Goliath frog, smallest frogs. A sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree an
---

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# Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, sentence 17

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The Goliath frog of West Africa can be about 32 cm long and weigh over 3 kg, while the smallest frogs are under 8 mm long.

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**Who acts:** Goliath frog, smallest frogs · **What happens:** be, weigh · **To what, where:** 3 kg, 8 mm

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Goliath frog, smallest frogs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:17
# text = The Goliath frog of West Africa can be about 32 cm long and weigh over 3 kg, while the smallest frogs are under 8 mm long.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Goliath	goliath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	frog	frog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	West	West	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	cop	_	_
9	about	about	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	32	32	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	cm	cm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl:unmarked	_	_
12	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	weigh	weigh	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
15	over	over	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	kg	kg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
19	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	smallest	small	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	22	amod	_	_
22	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
23	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
24	under	under	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	26	nummod	_	_
26	mm	mm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	advcl	_	_
27	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	26	advmod	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | the Goliath frog of West Africa |  |  |  |  | 32 cm *obl:unmarked*; long *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **weigh** | infinitive | the Goliath frog of West Africa *not said here* | 3 kg |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme kg=Value |
| 3 | **is** | present | the smallest frogs |  |  | 8 mm |  | long *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:17`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/16/)
- next →: [Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/0/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/)