--- title: Amphibian skin is thin and wet; frogs breathe partly through it and… — Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders · tree and pragmatics description: Amphibian skin is thin and wet; frogs breathe partly through it and even drink through it, so they must stay damp and are hurt fast by dirty water. Who acts: Amphibian skin, frogs, dirty water. A sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary sch --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/) / 2 # Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, sentence 2 Amphibian skin is thin and wet; frogs breathe partly through it and even drink through it, so they must stay damp and are hurt fast by dirty water. **Who acts:** Amphibian skin, frogs, dirty water · **What happens:** be, breathe, drink, stay, hurt · **To what, where:** skin This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Amphibian skin, frogs, dirty water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:2 # text = Amphibian skin is thin and wet; frogs breathe partly through it and even drink through it, so they must stay damp and are hurt fast by dirty water. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Amphibian amphibian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 thin thin ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 5 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 wet wet ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 conj _ _ 7 ; ; PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 8 frogs frog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nsubj _ _ 9 breathe breathe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 10 partly partly ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:advmod 11 through through ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 14 even even ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ _ 15 drink drink VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 16 through through ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 19 so so ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 20 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 21 must must AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 22 stay stay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=15:conj 23 damp damp ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 xcomp _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux:pass _ _ 26 hurt hurt VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 22 conj _ _ 27 fast fast ADV RB Degree=Pos 26 advmod _ _ 28 by by ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 dirty dirty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Amphibian skin | | | | | thin *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **be** | | Amphibian skin *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **breathe** | present | frogs | | | skin | | partly *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **drink** | present | frogs *not said here* | | | skin | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **stay** | must | Frogs *= frog* | | | | | damp *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **hurt** | present · passive | dirty water | | | | | fast *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/1/) - next →: [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/)