--- title: Tadpoles breathe with gills; during metamorphosis they grow back leg… — Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders · tree and pragmatics description: Tadpoles breathe with gills; during metamorphosis they grow back legs, then front legs, form lungs, and the body breaks down the tail and uses it as food. Who acts: Tadpoles, Frogs, body. A sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school wi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/) / 6 # Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, sentence 6 Tadpoles breathe with gills; during metamorphosis they grow back legs, then front legs, form lungs, and the body breaks down the tail and uses it as food. **Who acts:** Tadpoles, Frogs, body · **What happens:** breathe, grow back, form, break down, use · **To what, where:** legs, lungs, tail, tadpole This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tadpoles, Frogs, body), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:6 # text = Tadpoles breathe with gills; during metamorphosis they grow back legs, then front legs, form lungs, and the body breaks down the tail and uses it as food. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Tadpoles tadpole NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 breathe breathe VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 with with ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 gills gill NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 5 ; ; PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=2:punct 6 during during ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 metamorphosis metamorphosis NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ _ 8 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 9 grow grow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 10 back back ADP RP _ 9 compound:prt _ _ 11 legs leg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 15 advmod _ _ 14 front front ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 legs leg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 conj _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 form form VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ _ 18 lungs lung NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 23 breaks break VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:conj 24 down down ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 tail tail NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 28 uses use VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 29 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obj _ _ 30 as as ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **breathe** | present | Tadpoles | | | | | with gills | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **grow back** | present | Frogs *= frog* | legs and front legs | | | during metamorphosis | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location leg=Theme | | 3 | **form** | present | Frogs *= frog* *not said here* | lungs | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location lung=Theme | | 4 | **break down** | present | the body | the tail | | | | | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tail=Patient | | 5 | **use** | present | the body *not said here* | tadpole | | | | as food | vn spend\_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent it=Duration as food=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/5/) - next →: [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/)