---
title: Frogs breathe partly through their thin, moist skin and drink throug… — Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders · tree and pragmatics
description: Frogs breathe partly through their thin, moist skin and drink through their skin, so they need damp places and are harmed quickly by pollution. Who acts: Frogs, pollution. A sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependenc
---

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# Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, sentence 7

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Frogs breathe partly through their thin, moist skin and drink through their skin, so they need damp places and are harmed quickly by pollution.

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**Who acts:** Frogs, pollution · **What happens:** breathe, drink, need, harm · **To what, where:** thin moist skin, skin, damp places

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Frogs, pollution), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:7
# text = Frogs breathe partly through their thin, moist skin and drink through their skin, so they need damp places and are harmed quickly by pollution.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2
1	Frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	breathe	breathe	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	partly	partly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
6	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	moist	moist	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=2:cc
11	drink	drink	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	through	through	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	so	so	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
19	damp	damp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=18:cc
22	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux:pass	_	_
23	harmed	harm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
24	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
25	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	pollution	pollution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | present | Frogs |  |  | Frogs's thin moist skin |  | partly *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **drink** | present | Frogs *not said here* |  |  | Frogs's skin |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **need** | present | Frogs *= frog* | damp places |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot place=Theme |
| 4 | **harm** | present · passive | pollution |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:7`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ← previous: [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/6/)
- next →: [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/8/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/)