--- title: Toads have dry, warty skin and short legs for walking; on wet spring… — Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders · tree and pragmatics description: Toads have dry, warty skin and short legs for walking; on wet spring nights they walk back to the pond where they hatched, and toad patrols carry them across roads. Who acts: Toads, dry warty skin, toad patrols. A sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/) / 8 # Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, sentence 8 Toads have dry, warty skin and short legs for walking; on wet spring nights they walk back to the pond where they hatched, and toad patrols carry them across roads. **Who acts:** Toads, dry warty skin, toad patrols · **What happens:** have, walk, walk back, hatch, carry · **To what, where:** dry warty skin, toads, roads This is a sentence of the lesson «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Toads, dry warty skin, toad patrols), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:8 # text = Toads have dry, warty skin and short legs for walking; on wet spring nights they walk back to the pond where they hatched, and toad patrols carry them across roads. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Toads toad NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 dry dry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 5 warty warty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 skin skin NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 8 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 legs leg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 conj _ _ 10 for for ADP IN _ 11 case _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:mark|HaikuPos=SCONJ:IN:_ 11 walking walk VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 6 acl _ _ 12 ; ; PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 13 on on ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 14 wet wet ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 15 spring spring NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 nights night NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ _ 17 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 walk walk VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 19 back back ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:advmod 20 to to ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 pond pond NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ _ 23 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 25 advmod _ _ 24 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 hatched hatch VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 acl:relcl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 28 toad toad NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 patrols patrol NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 30 carry carry VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=18:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 31 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ _ 32 across across ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 roads road NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obl _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Toads | dry warty skin and short legs | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient | | 2 | **walk** | gerund | dry warty skin and short legs *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **walk back** | present | toads *= toad* | | | | night | to the pond *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to pond=Result | | 4 | **hatch** | past | toads *= toad* | | | | | | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.patient V PP.product»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **carry** | present | toad patrols | toads *= toad* | | roads | | | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:032-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/7/) - next →: [Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/32-frogs-toads-newts-and-salamanders/)