--- title: Kestrels hover by flapping into the wind while keeping the head stil… — Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures · tree and pragmatics description: Kestrels hover by flapping into the wind while keeping the head still, watching for voles and mice, and scientists reported they can see ultraviolet light, which may make vole wee trails glow. Who acts: Kestrels, scientists, ultraviolet light, vole wee trails. A sentence of the lesson «Falcons, hawk --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vul…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/) / 11 # Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures, sentence 11 Kestrels hover by flapping into the wind while keeping the head still, watching for voles and mice, and scientists reported they can see ultraviolet light, which may make vole wee trails glow. **Who acts:** Kestrels, scientists, ultraviolet light, vole wee trails · **What happens:** hover, flap, keep, watch, report, see · **To what, where:** wind, head, ultraviolet light This is a sentence of the lesson «Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kestrels, scientists, ultraviolet light, vole wee trails), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures.lesson:11 # text = Kestrels hover by flapping into the wind while keeping the head still, watching for voles and mice, and scientists reported they can see ultraviolet light, which may make vole wee trails glow. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Kestrels kestrel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 hover hover VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 by by SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 4 flapping flap VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 advcl _ _ 5 into into ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 wind wind NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 while while SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 9 keeping keep VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 advcl _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 12 still still ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 watching watch VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 advcl _ _ 15 for for ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 voles vole NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 mice mouse NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 conj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 scientists scientist NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 22 reported report VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 23 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 24 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 25 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 ccomp _ _ 26 ultraviolet ultraviolet ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=27:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 27 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 29 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 31 nsubj _ _ 30 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 31 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 acl:relcl _ _ 32 vole vole NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 compound _ _ 33 wee wee ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 trails trail NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nsubj _ _ 35 glow glow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 31 xcomp _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=31:xcomp|HaikuPos=VERB:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 36 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hover** | present | Kestrels | | | | | | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **flap** | gerund | Kestrels *not said here* | | | the wind | | | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent into wind=Recipient | | 3 | **keep** | gerund | Kestrels *not said here* | the head | | | still | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme | | 4 | **watch** | gerund | Kestrels *not said here* | | | | | for voles and mice | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.theme NP.location»: agent=Agent for vole=Theme | | 5 | **report** | past | scientists | | | | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 6 | **see** | can | scientists *= scientist* | ultraviolet light | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer light=Stimulus | | 7 | **make** | may | ultraviolet light | | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **glow** | infinitive | vole wee trails | | | | | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vul…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/10/) - next →: [Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vul…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/)