---
title: Sparrowhawks hunt garden birds by surprise, darting low along hedges… — Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures · tree and pragmatics
description: Sparrowhawks hunt garden birds by surprise, darting low along hedges, and the female is about twice as heavy as the male. Who acts: Sparrowhawks, female. A sentence of the lesson «Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/12/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vul…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/) / 12

# Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures, sentence 12

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sparrowhawks hunt garden birds by surprise, darting low along hedges, and the female is about twice as heavy as the male.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sparrowhawks, female · **What happens:** hunt, dart, be · **To what, where:** garden birds, hedges

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sparrowhawks, female), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures.lesson:12
# text = Sparrowhawks hunt garden birds by surprise, darting low along hedges, and the female is about twice as heavy as the male.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	Sparrowhawks	Sparrowhawks	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:nsubj|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing
2	hunt	hunt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	surprise	surprise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
8	darting	dart	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	advcl	_	_
9	low	low	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
10	along	along	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	hedges	hedge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	female	female	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
17	about	about	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	20	advmod	_	_
19	as	as	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
21	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	male	male	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=4:punct
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | present | Sparrowhawks | garden birds |  |  |  | by surprise | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent bird=Theme by surprise=Location |
| 2 | **dart** | gerund | Sparrowhawks *not said here* |  |  | hedges |  | low *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along hedge=Trajectory |
| 3 | **is** | present | the female |  |  |  |  | as the male; heavy, twice *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vul…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/11/)
- next →: [Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vul…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/13/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/)