--- title: An osprey can turn one outer toe backwards, giving two toes forward… — Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures · tree and pragmatics description: An osprey can turn one outer toe backwards, giving two toes forward and two back to grip slippery fish, and it carries the fish head forward like a torpedo. Who acts: osprey, two. A sentence of the lesson «Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures» of the biology course of Mova's primary school wi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vul…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/) / 15 # Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures, sentence 15 An osprey can turn one outer toe backwards, giving two toes forward and two back to grip slippery fish, and it carries the fish head forward like a torpedo. **Who acts:** osprey, two · **What happens:** turn, give, grip, carry · **To what, where:** one outer toe, two toes, slippery fish, fish head This is a sentence of the lesson «Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (osprey, two), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures.lesson:15 # text = An osprey can turn one outer toe backwards, giving two toes forward and two back to grip slippery fish, and it carries the fish head forward like a torpedo. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 An a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 osprey osprey NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 turn turn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 7 nummod _ _ 6 outer outer ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:amod 7 toe toe NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 8 backwards backward ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 giving give VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 advcl _ _ 11 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 12 nummod _ _ 12 toes toe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obj _ _ 13 forward forward ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 15 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 18 nsubj _ _ 16 back back ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 17 to to PART TO _ 18 mark _ _ 18 grip grip VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 19 slippery slippery ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 23 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 24 carries carry VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 26 fish fish NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 compound _ _ 27 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obj _ _ 28 forward forward ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 29 like like ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 torpedo torpedo NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **turn** | can | a osprey | one outer toe | | | | backward *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent toe=Theme | | 2 | **give** | gerund | a osprey *not said here* | two toes | | | | forward *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toe=Theme | | 3 | **grip** | to-infinitive | two | slippery fish | | | | | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Experiencer | | 4 | **carry** | present | osprey | the fish head | | | | like a torpedo; forward *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vul…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/13/) - next →: [Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vul…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/)