--- title: Picture a kestrel over a motorway verge: it faces the wind, flaps fa… — Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures · tree and pragmatics description: Picture a kestrel over a motorway verge: it faces the wind, flaps fast and holds its head perfectly still while it watches the grass for a vole. Who acts: you, kestrel. A sentence of the lesson «Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its depe --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vul…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/) / 2 # Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures, sentence 2 Picture a kestrel over a motorway verge: it faces the wind, flaps fast and holds its head perfectly still while it watches the grass for a vole. **Who acts:** you, kestrel · **What happens:** picture, face, flap, hold, watch · **To what, where:** kestrel, motorway verge, wind, head, grass This is a sentence of the lesson «Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vultures» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, kestrel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures.lesson:2 # text = Picture a kestrel over a motorway verge: it faces the wind, flaps fast and holds its head perfectly still while it watches the grass for a vole. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Picture picture VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 kestrel kestrel NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 4 over over ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 motorway motorway NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 verge verge NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obl _ _ 8 : : PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 9 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _ 10 faces face VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 parataxis _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 wind wind NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 flaps flap VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ _ 15 fast fast ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 holds hold VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ _ 18 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ _ 19 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 20 perfectly perfectly ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 21 still still ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 22 while while SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 23 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 24 watches watch VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 advcl _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 grass grass NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obj _ _ 27 for for ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 vole vole NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=26:nmod 30 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **picture** | imperative | you *not said here* | a kestrel | | a motorway verge | | | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent kestrel=Theme | | 2 | **face** | present | kestrel | the wind | | | | | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme wind=Destination | | 3 | **flap** | present | kestrel *not said here* | | | | | fast *property* | vn body\_internal\_motion-49.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **hold** | present | kestrel *not said here* | kestrel's head | | | still | perfectly *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme | | 5 | **watch** | present | kestrel | the grass | | | | for a vole | vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent grass=Location for vole=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vul…, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/1/) - next →: [Falcons, hawks, kites, ospreys and vul…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/324-falcons-hawks-kites-ospreys-and-vultures/)