--- title: Ducks spread oil from a gland near the tail over their tightly zippe… — Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight · tree and pragmatics description: Ducks spread oil from a gland near the tail over their tightly zipped feathers, so rain runs off them; thick oil from a spill at sea glues the feathers so water gets in and the bird gets soaked and cold. Who acts: Ducks, rain, spill, water. A sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/) / 12 # Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight, sentence 12 Ducks spread oil from a gland near the tail over their tightly zipped feathers, so rain runs off them; thick oil from a spill at sea glues the feathers so water gets in and the bird gets soaked and cold. **Who acts:** Ducks, rain, spill, water · **What happens:** spread, zipped, run off, glue, get in, soak · **To what, where:** oil, gland, Ducks, feathers, sea, bird This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ducks, rain, spill, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:033-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight.lesson:12 # text = Ducks spread oil from a gland near the tail over their tightly zipped feathers, so rain runs off them; thick oil from a spill at sea glues the feathers so water gets in and the bird gets soaked and cold. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 033-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Ducks duck NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 spread spread VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 oil oil NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 4 from from ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 gland gland NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 7 near near ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 tail tail NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 10 over over ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 11 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 12 tightly tightly ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 13 zipped zipped VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 14 feathers feather NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nmod _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 so so ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 17 rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 18 runs run VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 19 off off ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 thick thick ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 oil oil NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 conj _ _ 24 from from ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 spill spill NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 27 at at ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 29 glues glue VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 acl:relcl _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 feathers feather NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ _ 32 so so ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 33 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 34 gets get VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 advcl _ _ 35 in in ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=34:compound:prt|HaikuPos=ADP:RP:_ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ Agree=R1-cc-next|Haiku=34:cc 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 nsubj _ _ 39 gets get AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 40 aux:pass _ _ 40 soaked soak VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 34 conj _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 42 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 conj _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **spread** | present | Ducks | oil | | a gland near the tail over Ducks's zipped feathers and thick oil from a spill | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location oil=Theme | | 2 | **zipped** | participle | | | | | | tightly *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **run off** | present | rain | Ducks *= duck* | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Trajectory | | 4 | **glue** | present | a spill *not said here* | the feathers | | sea | | | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient | | 5 | **get in** | present | water | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 6 | **soak** | present · passive | | the bird | | | | | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: subject=Source | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:033-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/10/) - next →: [Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/)