--- title: Geese fly in a V because each bird rides the rising air from the win… — Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight · tree and pragmatics description: Geese fly in a V because each bird rides the rising air from the wingtip of the bird in front, saving energy; they take turns at the front. Who acts: Geese, bird, Birds. A sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight» of the biology course of Mova's primary school with its depende --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/) / 13 # Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight, sentence 13 Geese fly in a V because each bird rides the rising air from the wingtip of the bird in front, saving energy; they take turns at the front. **Who acts:** Geese, bird, Birds · **What happens:** fly, ride, rise, save, take · **To what, where:** V, rising air, wingtip, energy, turns, front This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Geese, bird, Birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:033-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight.lesson:13 # text = Geese fly in a V because each bird rides the rising air from the wingtip of the bird in front, saving energy; they take turns at the front. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 033-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3 1 Geese geese NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 fly fly VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 V v NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:nmod 6 because because SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 7 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 8 det _ _ 8 bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 9 rides ride VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 rising rise VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 12 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 12 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 13 from from ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 wingtip wingtip NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 bird bird NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 19 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 front front NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 saving save VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 9 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:advcl 23 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 25 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 26 take take VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 27 turns turn NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obj _ _ 28 at at ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 front front NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fly** | present | Geese | | | a V | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in v=Location | | 2 | **ride** | present | each bird | the rising air | | the wingtip of the bird in front | | | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent air=Theme from wingtip=Trajectory | | 3 | **rise** | gerund | | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **save** | gerund | each bird *not said here* | energy | | | | | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme | | 5 | **take** | present | Birds *= bird* | turns | | the front | | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent turn=Theme at front=Asset | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:033-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/12/) - next →: [Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/)