--- title: Birds have no teeth; swallowed grit in a muscly stomach called the g… — Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight · tree and pragmatics description: Birds have no teeth; swallowed grit in a muscly stomach called the gizzard grinds the food, and having no heavy jaws full of teeth keeps the head light for flying. Who acts: Birds, grit. A sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight» of the biology course of Mova's primary school --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/) / 16 # Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight, sentence 16 Birds have no teeth; swallowed grit in a muscly stomach called the gizzard grinds the food, and having no heavy jaws full of teeth keeps the head light for flying. **Who acts:** Birds, grit · **What happens:** have, swallow, call, grind, keep, fly · **To what, where:** teeth, food, heavy jaws, head light · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Birds, grit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:033-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight.lesson:16 # text = Birds have no teeth; swallowed grit in a muscly stomach called the gizzard grinds the food, and having no heavy jaws full of teeth keeps the head light for flying. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 033-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 4 det _ _ 4 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 5 ; ; PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 swallowed swallow VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 acl _ _ 7 grit grit NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:obj 8 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 10 muscly muscly ADJ JJ _ 11 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 11 stomach stomach NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:obl 12 called call VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 advcl _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 gizzard gizzard NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 15 grinds grind VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 ccomp _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 having have VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 6 conj _ _ 21 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 23 det _ _ 22 heavy heavy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 jaws jaw NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obj _ _ 24 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 xcomp _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 teeth tooth NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ _ 27 keeps keep VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:parataxis 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 compound _ _ 30 light light NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 31 for for SCONJ IN _ 32 mark _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=32:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 32 flying fly VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 30 obl _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Birds | no teeth | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient | | 2 | **swallow** | participle | | no teeth *not said here* | | | | | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **call** *speech: assert* | past | | | | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **grind** | present | grit in a muscly stomach | the food | | | | | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Patient | | 5 | **have** | gerund | | no heavy jaws | | | | full *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jaw=Patient | | 6 | **keep** | present | grit in a muscly stomach *not said here* | the head light | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme | | 7 | **fly** | gerund | | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:033-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Birds: feathers, wings, eggs and flight, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/15/) - next →: [Birds of prey and owls, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/34-birds-of-prey-and-owls/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/33-birds-feathers-wings-eggs-and-flight/)