--- title: Grasshoppers chirp by rubbing their back legs against their wings, c… — The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds… · tree and pragmatics description: Grasshoppers chirp by rubbing their back legs against their wings, crickets rub their wings together, and the warmer it is, the faster they chirp. Who acts: Grasshoppers, crickets, wing. A sentence of the lesson «The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds and flying ant day» of the biology cou --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The garden in summer: flowers, aphids,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day/) / 12 # The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds and flying ant day, sentence 12 Grasshoppers chirp by rubbing their back legs against their wings, crickets rub their wings together, and the warmer it is, the faster they chirp. **Who acts:** Grasshoppers, crickets, wing · **What happens:** chirp, rub, be · **To what, where:** back legs, wings This is a sentence of the lesson «The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds and flying ant day» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Grasshoppers, crickets, wing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day.lesson:12 # text = Grasshoppers chirp by rubbing their back legs against their wings, crickets rub their wings together, and the warmer it is, the faster they chirp. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Grasshoppers grasshopper NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 chirp chirp VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 by by SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 4 rubbing rub VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 advcl _ _ 5 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 6 back back NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 7 legs leg NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 8 against against ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ _ 10 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:nmod 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=2:punct 12 crickets cricket NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 13 rub rub VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 14 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obj _ _ 16 together together ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 warmer warm ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 13 conj _ _ 21 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 22 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 cop _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 25 faster fast ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 27 amod _ _ 26 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ _ 27 chirp chirp VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 advcl _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **chirp** | present | Grasshoppers | | | | | | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **rub** | gerund | Grasshoppers *not said here* | Grasshoppers's back legs | | Grasshoppers's wings | | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent leg=Theme against wing=Destination | | 3 | **rub** | present | crickets | Grasshoppers's wings | | | | together *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent wing=Theme | | 4 | **is** | present | wing | | | | | warm *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **chirp** | present | crickets *= cricket* | | | | | | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The garden in summer: flowers, aphids,…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day/11/) - next →: [The garden in summer: flowers, aphids,…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day/)