--- title: Swifts spend almost their whole lives flying, even sleeping on the w… — The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds… · tree and pragmatics description: Swifts spend almost their whole lives flying, even sleeping on the wing; they come to Britain in May and leave in August, and a young swift may fly for about two years without landing. Who acts: Swifts, young swift. A sentence of the lesson «The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds and flyin --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The garden in summer: flowers, aphids,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day/) / 14 # The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds and flying ant day, sentence 14 Swifts spend almost their whole lives flying, even sleeping on the wing; they come to Britain in May and leave in August, and a young swift may fly for about two years without landing. **Who acts:** Swifts, young swift · **What happens:** spend, fly, sleep, come, leave, land · **To what, where:** whole lives, wing, Britain This is a sentence of the lesson «The garden in summer: flowers, aphids, ladybirds and flying ant day» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Swifts, young swift), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day.lesson:14 # text = Swifts spend almost their whole lives flying, even sleeping on the wing; they come to Britain in May and leave in August, and a young swift may fly for about two years without landing. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Swifts swift NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 spend spend VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 almost almost ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 4 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ _ 5 whole whole ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 lives life NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 7 flying fly VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 advcl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 9 even even ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 10 sleeping sleep VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 7 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:advcl 11 on on ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 wing wing NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 15 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 come come VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 17 to to ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 Britain Britain PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 19 in in ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 May May PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 leave leave VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 23 in in ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 August August PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 swift swift NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 30 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 31 fly fly VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 conj _ _ 32 for for ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 33 about about ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 34 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 35 nummod _ _ 35 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 36 without without SCONJ IN _ 37 mark _ _ 37 landing land VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 31 advcl _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **spend** | present | Swifts | swifts's whole lives | | | | | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Asset | | 2 | **fly** | gerund | Swifts *not said here* | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **sleep** | gerund | Swifts *not said here* | | | the wing | | | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **come** | present | swifts *= swift* | | | Britain | may | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to britain=Initial\_Location | | 5 | **leave** | present | swifts *= swift* *not said here* | | | | august | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **fly** | may | a young swift | | | | year | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **land** | gerund | a young swift *not said here* | | | | | | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The garden in summer: flowers, aphids,…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day/12/) - next →: [The garden in summer: flowers, aphids,…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/334-the-garden-in-summer-flowers-aphids-ladybirds-and-flying-ant-day/)