--- title: Swallows gather on wires before flying thousands of kilometres to Af… — The garden in autumn: colours, conkers, webs and… · tree and pragmatics description: Swallows gather on wires before flying thousands of kilometres to Africa for the winter, because the flying insects they eat disappear in the cold, and they often return to the same barn. Who acts: Swallows, insects, flying insects. A sentence of the lesson «The garden in autumn: colours, conkers, w --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/335-the-garden-in-autumn-colours-conkers-webs-and-buried-nuts/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The garden in autumn: colours, conkers…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/335-the-garden-in-autumn-colours-conkers-webs-and-buried-nuts/) / 13 # The garden in autumn: colours, conkers, webs and buried nuts, sentence 13 Swallows gather on wires before flying thousands of kilometres to Africa for the winter, because the flying insects they eat disappear in the cold, and they often return to the same barn. **Who acts:** Swallows, insects, flying insects · **What happens:** gather, fly, eat, disappear, return · **To what, where:** wires, thousands, Africa, flying insects, cold This is a sentence of the lesson «The garden in autumn: colours, conkers, webs and buried nuts» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Swallows, insects, flying insects), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:335-the-garden-in-autumn-colours-conkers-webs-and-buried-nuts.lesson:13 # text = Swallows gather on wires before flying thousands of kilometres to Africa for the winter, because the flying insects they eat disappear in the cold, and they often return to the same barn. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 335-the-garden-in-autumn-colours-conkers-webs-and-buried-nuts.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1 1 Swallows swallow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 gather gather VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 on on ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 wires wire NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl _ _ 5 before before SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _ 6 flying fly VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 2 advcl _ _ 7 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obj _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 kilometres kilometre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nmod _ _ 10 to to ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 Africa Africa PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 12 for for ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 winter winter NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 because because SCONJ IN _ 22 mark _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 flying fly VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 19 amod _ _ 19 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 20 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 21 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 acl:relcl _ _ 22 disappear disappear VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 23 in in ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 cold cold NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 28 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 29 often often ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 30 return return VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:conj 31 to to ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 33 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 barn barn NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **gather** | present | Swallows | | | wires | | | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **fly** | gerund | Swallows *not said here* | thousands of kilometres | Africa | | winter | | vn drive-11.5-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent thousand=Theme to africa=Destination | | 3 | **fly** | gerund | | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **eat** | present | insects *= insect* | the flying insects *not said here* | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient | | 5 | **disappear** | present | the flying insects | | | the cold | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **return** | present | insects *= insect* | | | | | to the same barn *result*; often *property* | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to barn=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:335-the-garden-in-autumn-colours-conkers-webs-and-buried-nuts.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The garden in autumn: colours, conkers…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/335-the-garden-in-autumn-colours-conkers-webs-and-buried-nuts/12/) - next →: [The garden in autumn: colours, conkers…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/335-the-garden-in-autumn-colours-conkers-webs-and-buried-nuts/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/335-the-garden-in-autumn-colours-conkers-webs-and-buried-nuts/)