--- title: Robins defend territories all year, both males and females, and thei… — The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the… · tree and pragmatics description: Robins defend territories all year, both males and females, and their song says «this garden is mine»; they can even sing at night under streetlights. Who acts: Robins, song, garden, territories. A sentence of the lesson «The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where» of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The garden in winter: bare trees, trac…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/) / 12 # The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where, sentence 12 Robins defend territories all year, both males and females, and their song says «this garden is mine»; they can even sing at night under streetlights. **Who acts:** Robins, song, garden, territories, females · **What happens:** defend, say, be, sing · **To what, where:** territories, song, streetlights · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Robins, song, garden, territories), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where.lesson:12 # text = Robins defend territories all year, both males and females, and their song says «this garden is mine»; they can even sing at night under streetlights. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1 1 Robins robin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 defend defend VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 territories territory NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 4 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 5 det _ _ 5 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:nmod:unmarked 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 both both CCONJ CC _ 8 cc:preconj _ _ 8 males male NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 appos _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 females female NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 13 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 14 song song NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 15 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 16 « « PUNCT `` _ 20 punct _ _ 17 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 18 det _ _ 18 garden garden NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 19 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 cop _ _ 20 mine mine PRON PRP Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 15 ccomp _ _ 21 » » PUNCT '' _ 20 punct _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 23 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 24 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 25 even even ADV RB _ 26 advmod _ _ 26 sing sing VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=15:conj 27 at at ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 29 under under ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 streetlights streetlight NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **defend** | present | Robins | territories | | | year | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent territory=Beneficiary | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | females's song | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | this garden | females's song *= song* | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **sing** *speech: express* | can | territories *= territory* | | | streetlights | night | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under streetlight=Location | | 5 | **sing** | | females *= female* | | | | | | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The garden in winter: bare trees, trac…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/11/) - next →: [The garden in winter: bare trees, trac…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/)