--- title: Trees drop their leaves to save water when the ground is frozen, bar… — The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the… · tree and pragmatics description: Trees drop their leaves to save water when the ground is frozen, bare branches hold less snow, and the buds for next spring are already formed. Who acts: Trees, bare branches. A sentence of the lesson «The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where» of the biology course o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The garden in winter: bare trees, trac…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/) / 5 # The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where, sentence 5 Trees drop their leaves to save water when the ground is frozen, bare branches hold less snow, and the buds for next spring are already formed. **Who acts:** Trees, bare branches · **What happens:** drop, save, hold, form · **To what, where:** leaves, water, less snow, buds This is a sentence of the lesson «The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Trees, bare branches), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where.lesson:5 # text = Trees drop their leaves to save water when the ground is frozen, bare branches hold less snow, and the buds for next spring are already formed. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 drop drop VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ _ 4 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 6 save save VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:acl 7 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obj _ _ 8 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 12 advmod _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 11 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 aux:pass _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=12:cop 12 frozen frozen ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 advcl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 14 bare bare ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 branches branch NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 16 hold hold VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 17 less less ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 18 amod _ _ 18 snow snow NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 buds bud NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj:pass _ _ 23 for for ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 next next ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 spring spring NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 26 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 aux:pass _ _ 27 already already ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 28 formed form VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 conj _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **drop** | present | Trees | Trees's leaves | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme | | 2 | **save** | to-infinitive | Trees *not said here* | water | | | | | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme | | 3 | **hold** | present | bare branches | less snow | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent snow=Theme | | 4 | **form** | present · passive | | the buds for next spring | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The garden in winter: bare trees, trac…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/4/) - next →: [The garden in winter: bare trees, trac…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/)