--- title: Small birds such as sparrows hop and leave pairs of prints, pigeons… — The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the… · tree and pragmatics description: Small birds such as sparrows hop and leave pairs of prints, pigeons and crows walk and leave one print after another, and blackbirds can both hop and run. Who acts: Small birds, pigeons, blackbirds. A sentence of the lesson «The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The garden in winter: bare trees, trac…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/) / 8 # The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where, sentence 8 Small birds such as sparrows hop and leave pairs of prints, pigeons and crows walk and leave one print after another, and blackbirds can both hop and run. **Who acts:** Small birds, pigeons, blackbirds · **What happens:** hop, leave, walk, run · **To what, where:** pairs, one print This is a sentence of the lesson «The garden in winter: bare trees, tracks in the snow and who sleeps where» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Small birds, pigeons, blackbirds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where.lesson:8 # text = Small birds such as sparrows hop and leave pairs of prints, pigeons and crows walk and leave one print after another, and blackbirds can both hop and run. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 3 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 5 case _ _ 4 as as ADP IN _ 3 fixed _ _ 5 sparrows sparrow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nmod _ _ 6 hop hop VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 leave leave VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 9 pairs pair NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 prints print NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 pigeons pigeon NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:conj 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 crows crow NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:conj 16 walk walk VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=8:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 leave leave VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=16:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 19 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 20 nummod _ _ 20 print print NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 21 after after ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 another another DET DT PronType=Ind 18 obl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 25 blackbirds blackbird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj _ _ 26 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 27 both both CCONJ CC _ 28 cc:preconj _ _ 28 hop hop VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 6 conj _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 run run VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 conj _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hop** | present | Small birds such sparrows | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **leave** | present | Small birds such sparrows *not said here* | pairs of prints | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pair=Theme | | 3 | **walk** | present | pigeons and crows | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **leave** | present | pigeons and crows *not said here* | one print | | | after another | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent print=Theme | | 5 | **hop** | can | blackbirds | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **run** | infinitive | blackbirds *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The garden in winter: bare trees, trac…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/7/) - next →: [The garden in winter: bare trees, trac…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/336-the-garden-in-winter-bare-trees-tracks-in-the-snow-and-who-sleeps-where/)