--- title: In summer ducks moult all their flight feathers at once and cannot f… — The park pond through the year: ducks, coots, sw… · tree and pragmatics description: In summer ducks moult all their flight feathers at once and cannot fly for a few weeks, drakes turn brown like females to hide, and they grow bright new feathers by autumn. Who acts: ducks, drakes. A sentence of the lesson «The park pond through the year: ducks, coots, swans, dragonflies and ice» of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/337-the-park-pond-through-the-year-ducks-coots-swans-dragonflies-and-ice/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [The park pond through the year: ducks,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/337-the-park-pond-through-the-year-ducks-coots-swans-dragonflies-and-ice/) / 18 # The park pond through the year: ducks, coots, swans, dragonflies and ice, sentence 18 In summer ducks moult all their flight feathers at once and cannot fly for a few weeks, drakes turn brown like females to hide, and they grow bright new feathers by autumn. **Who acts:** ducks, drakes · **What happens:** moult, not fly, turn, hide, grow · **To what, where:** flight feathers, bright new feathers This is a sentence of the lesson «The park pond through the year: ducks, coots, swans, dragonflies and ice» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ducks, drakes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:337-the-park-pond-through-the-year-ducks-coots-swans-dragonflies-and-ice.lesson:18 # text = In summer ducks moult all their flight feathers at once and cannot fly for a few weeks, drakes turn brown like females to hide, and they grow bright new feathers by autumn. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 337-the-park-pond-through-the-year-ducks-coots-swans-dragonflies-and-ice.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 summer summer NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 3 ducks duck NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 moult moult VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 parataxis _ _ 5 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 8 det:predet _ _ 6 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ _ 7 flight flight NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 feathers feather NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 9 at at ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 once once ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult 14 advmod _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 12 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 14 aux _ _ 13 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 14 advmod _ _ 14 fly fly VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 15 for for ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 weeks week NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 20 drakes drake NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 21 turn turn VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 22 brown brown ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 xcomp _ _ 23 like like ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 females female NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl _ _ 25 to to PART TO _ 26 mark _ _ 26 hide hide VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 acl _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 29 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 30 grow grow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 parataxis _ _ 31 bright bright ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 32 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 feathers feather NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obj _ _ 34 by by ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 autumn autumn NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=21:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **moult** | present | ducks | ducks's flight feathers | | | summer | | tree rules | | 2 | **not** **fly** | can | ducks *not said here* | | | | week | once *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **turn** | present | drakes | | | | | like females; brown *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **hide** | to-infinitive | drakes *not said here* | | | | | | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **grow** | present | drakes *= drake* | bright new feathers | | | autumn | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location feather=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:337-the-park-pond-through-the-year-ducks-coots-swans-dragonflies-and-ice.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [The park pond through the year: ducks,…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/337-the-park-pond-through-the-year-ducks-coots-swans-dragonflies-and-ice/17/) - next →: [The vegetable patch: peas, potatoes, t…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/338-the-vegetable-patch-peas-potatoes-tomatoes-and-slugs/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/337-the-park-pond-through-the-year-ducks-coots-swans-dragonflies-and-ice/)