--- title: Lime trees have heart-shaped leaves; aphids on them drop sweet honey… — Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, bir… · tree and pragmatics description: Lime trees have heart-shaped leaves; aphids on them drop sweet honeydew, their summer flowers smell sweet and bees love them, and they are not related to the lime fruit. Who acts: Lime trees, aphids, summer flowers, bees. A sentence of the lesson «Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Park trees: telling oaks, maples, ches…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/) / 12 # Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches, limes and willows apart, sentence 12 Lime trees have heart-shaped leaves; aphids on them drop sweet honeydew, their summer flowers smell sweet and bees love them, and they are not related to the lime fruit. **Who acts:** Lime trees, aphids, summer flowers, bees, leaves · **What happens:** have, shape, drop, smell, love, not be · **To what, where:** shaped leaves, sweet honeydew, leaves This is a sentence of the lesson «Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches, limes and willows apart» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lime trees, aphids, summer flowers, bees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart.lesson:12 # text = Lime trees have heart-shaped leaves; aphids on them drop sweet honeydew, their summer flowers smell sweet and bees love them, and they are not related to the lime fruit. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Lime lime NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 heart heart NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 5 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 6 punct _ _ 6 shaped shape VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=7:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 7 leaves leaf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 8 ; ; PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 9 aphids aphid NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ _ 10 on on ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nmod _ _ 12 drop drop VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 13 sweet sweet ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 honeydew honeydew NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 16 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 17 summer summer NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 18 flowers flower NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 19 smell smell VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 20 sweet sweet ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 xcomp _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 22 bees bee NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj _ _ 23 love love VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 24 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 27 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 28 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 cop _ _ 29 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 30 advmod _ _ 30 related related ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 conj _ _ 31 to to ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 33 lime lime NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 compound _ _ 34 fruit fruit NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Lime trees | shaped leaves | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient | | 2 | **shape** | participle | | | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | | 3 | **drop** | present | aphids on leaves | sweet honeydew | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent honeydew=Theme | | 4 | **smell** | present | leaves's summer flowers | | | | | sweet *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | | 5 | **love** | present | bees | leaves *= leaf* | | | | | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus | | 6 | **not** **is** | present | leaves *= leaf* | | | | | to the lime fruit; related *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart.lesson:12`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Park trees: telling oaks, maples, ches…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/11/) - next →: [Park trees: telling oaks, maples, ches…, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/13/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/)