--- title: Each ring in a tree stump is one year of growth; wide rings show goo… — Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, bir… · tree and pragmatics description: Each ring in a tree stump is one year of growth; wide rings show good years, thin rings show dry or cold years, and the oldest trees have thousands of rings. Who acts: ring, wide rings, thin rings, oldest trees. A sentence of the lesson «Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches, limes an --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Park trees: telling oaks, maples, ches…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/) / 15 # Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches, limes and willows apart, sentence 15 Each ring in a tree stump is one year of growth; wide rings show good years, thin rings show dry or cold years, and the oldest trees have thousands of rings. **Who acts:** ring, wide rings, thin rings, oldest trees · **What happens:** be, show, have · **To what, where:** one year, thousands This is a sentence of the lesson «Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches, limes and willows apart» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ring, wide rings, thin rings, oldest trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart.lesson:15 # text = Each ring in a tree stump is one year of growth; wide rings show good years, thin rings show dry or cold years, and the oldest trees have thousands of rings. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Each each DET DT PronType=Tot 2 det _ _ 2 ring ring NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 stump stump NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 7 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 8 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 9 nummod _ _ 9 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 growth growth NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 12 ; ; PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 wide wide ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 rings ring NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 15 show show VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 parataxis _ _ 16 good good ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 19 thin thin ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 rings ring NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 21 show show VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 parataxis _ _ 22 dry dry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 23 or or CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 22 conj _ _ 25 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 oldest old ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 30 amod _ _ 30 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 31 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 32 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obj _ _ 33 of of ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 rings ring NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nmod _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | each ring in a tree stump | one year | | | | of growth | tree rules | | 2 | **show** | present | wide rings | | | | year | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **show** | present | thin rings | | | | year | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **have** | present | the oldest trees | thousands of rings | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thousand=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Park trees: telling oaks, maples, ches…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/14/) - next →: [Park trees: telling oaks, maples, ches…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/)