--- title: Many trees grow about 2.5 centimetres around the trunk each year, so… — Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, bir… · tree and pragmatics description: Many trees grow about 2.5 centimetres around the trunk each year, so a trunk two metres around may be about 80 years old, but this is only a rough guess because trees grow at different speeds. Who acts: Many trees, trunk, this, trees. A sentence of the lesson «Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chest --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Park trees: telling oaks, maples, ches…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/) / 16 # Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches, limes and willows apart, sentence 16 Many trees grow about 2.5 centimetres around the trunk each year, so a trunk two metres around may be about 80 years old, but this is only a rough guess because trees grow at different speeds. **Who acts:** Many trees, trunk, this, trees · **What happens:** grow, be · **To what, where:** 2.5 centimetres, trunk, rough guess, different speeds This is a sentence of the lesson «Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches, limes and willows apart» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many trees, trunk, this, trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart.lesson:16 # text = Many trees grow about 2.5 centimetres around the trunk each year, so a trunk two metres around may be about 80 years old, but this is only a rough guess because trees grow at different speeds. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4 1 Many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 grow grow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 about about ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 5 2.5 2.5 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 6 nummod _ _ 6 centimetres centimetre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 7 around around ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 trunk trunk NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:nmod 10 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 11 det _ _ 11 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl:unmarked _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 13 so so ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 trunk trunk NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 16 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 17 nummod _ _ 17 metres metre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=15:nmod:unmarked 18 around around ADV RB _ 15 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:advmod 19 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 20 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 24 cop _ _ 21 about about ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 22 80 80 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 23 nummod _ _ 23 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl:unmarked _ _ 24 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 conj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 26 but but CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 27 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 32 nsubj _ _ 28 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 cop _ _ 29 only only ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 30 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 31 rough rough ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 guess guess NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 conj _ _ 33 because because SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 34 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nsubj _ _ 35 grow grow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 32 advcl _ _ 36 at at ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 different different ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 amod _ _ 38 speeds speed NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obl _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **grow** | present | Many trees | 2.5 centimetres | | the trunk | year | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around trunk=Location | | 2 | **is** | may | a trunk | | | | year | old *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **is a** | present | this | a rough guess | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **grow** | present | trees | | | different speeds | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at speed=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Park trees: telling oaks, maples, ches…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/15/) - next →: [Park trees: telling oaks, maples, ches…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/)