--- title: A horse chestnut leaf is made of five to seven leaflets like fingers… — Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, bir… · tree and pragmatics description: A horse chestnut leaf is made of five to seven leaflets like fingers, and a fallen leaf leaves a horseshoe-shaped scar on the twig with dots like the nails in a horseshoe. Who acts: fallen leaf. A sentence of the lesson «Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches, limes and willows apart» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Park trees: telling oaks, maples, ches…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/) / 9 # Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches, limes and willows apart, sentence 9 A horse chestnut leaf is made of five to seven leaflets like fingers, and a fallen leaf leaves a horseshoe-shaped scar on the twig with dots like the nails in a horseshoe. **Who acts:** fallen leaf · **What happens:** make, fall, leave, shape · **To what, where:** chestnut leaf, shaped scar, twig This is a sentence of the lesson «Park trees: telling oaks, maples, chestnuts, birches, limes and willows apart» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fallen leaf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart.lesson:9 # text = A horse chestnut leaf is made of five to seven leaflets like fingers, and a fallen leaf leaves a horseshoe-shaped scar on the twig with dots like the nails in a horseshoe. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 2 horse horse NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 chestnut chestnut NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 leaf leaf NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj:pass _ _ 5 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux:pass _ _ 6 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 8 five five NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 11 nummod _ _ 9 to to ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 seven seven NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 8 nmod _ _ 11 leaflets leaflet NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 12 like like ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 fingers finger NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nmod _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 fallen fall VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 18 amod _ _ 18 leaf leaf NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 leaves leave VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 20 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 21 horseshoe horseshoe NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 22 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 21 punct _ _ 23 shaped shape VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=24:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 24 scar scar NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 25 on on ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 twig twig NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nmod _ _ 28 with with ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 dots dot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=27:nmod 30 like like ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 nails nail NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nmod _ _ 33 in in ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 horseshoe horseshoe NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nmod _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | present · passive | | a chestnut leaf | | | | of five leaflets like fingers | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | | 2 | **fall** | participle | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **leave** | present | a fallen leaf | a shaped scar | | the twig | | with dots like the nails in a horseshoe | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent scar=Theme on twig=Location | | 4 | **shape** | participle | | | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Park trees: telling oaks, maples, ches…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/8/) - next →: [Park trees: telling oaks, maples, ches…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/339-park-trees-telling-oaks-maples-chestnuts-birches-limes-and-willows-apart/)