---
title: An osprey dives feet first and grips slippery fish with spiky toe pa… — Birds of prey and owls · tree and pragmatics
description: An osprey dives feet first and grips slippery fish with spiky toe pads and an outer toe that swings back, two toes in front and two behind, and carries the fish head forward so it slips through the air. Who acts: osprey, outer toe, head. A sentence of the lesson «Birds of prey and owls» of the biolo
---

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# Birds of prey and owls, sentence 14

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An osprey dives feet first and grips slippery fish with spiky toe pads and an outer toe that swings back, two toes in front and two behind, and carries the fish head forward so it slips through the air.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** osprey, outer toe, head · **What happens:** dive, grip, swing back, carry, slip · **To what, where:** feet, slippery fish, fish head, air

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds of prey and owls» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (osprey, outer toe, head), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:034-birds-of-prey-and-owls.lesson:14
# text = An osprey dives feet first and grips slippery fish with spiky toe pads and an outer toe that swings back, two toes in front and two behind, and carries the fish head forward so it slips through the air.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 034-birds-of-prey-and-owls.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	osprey	osprey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dives	dive	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:obl:unmarked
5	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	grips	grip	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	slippery	slippery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	spiky	spiky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
12	toe	toe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	pads	pad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	outer	outer	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	toe	toe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
18	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	swings	swing	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
20	back	back	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	nummod	_	_
23	toes	toe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	conj	_	_
28	behind	behind	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:conj
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
35	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	31	advmod	_	_
36	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	38	mark	_	_
37	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
38	slips	slip	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	conj	_	_
39	through	through	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	_
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dive** | present | a osprey | feet |  |  |  | first *property* | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location foot=Theme |
| 2 | **grip** | present | a osprey *not said here* | slippery fish |  |  |  | with spiky toe pads and a outer toe; two toes in front *obl* | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent fish=Experiencer with pad=Instrument |
| 3 | **swing back** | present | a outer toe |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 4 | **carry** | present | a outer toe *not said here* | the fish head |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme |
| 5 | **slip** | present | head |  |  | the air |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:034-birds-of-prey-and-owls.lesson:14`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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