--- title: Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, butter and yoghurt — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, butter and yoghurt», a lesson of the biology course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: Milk is baby food. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / Where milk comes from: cow to carton,… # Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, butter and yoghurt Lesson 341 of the biology course of Mova's primary school: 21 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/0/) — Milk is baby food. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/2/) — Look under a cow at a dairy farm and you can count four teats, one for each quarter of the udder, which is why a milking machine has four cups. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/3/) — Many cows now walk into a milking robot all by themselves, because it means a tasty snack and a lighter udder. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/4/) — From the farm the milk travels cold in a tanker to the dairy, where a quick heating called pasteurisation kills the germs. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/5/) — Then it goes into cartons and bottles and back into the cold, all the way to your fridge. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/6/) — Milk can also be changed. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/7/) — Shake cream in a jar and the fat clumps into butter; thicken milk into curds and press them and you get cheese; let friendly bacteria grow in warm milk and it turns into yoghurt. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/8/) — And forget the cartoon cheese full of round holes: only a few cheeses, like Swiss Emmental, have holes, blown by gas from tiny bacteria. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/9/) — A cow's udder has four quarters, each with its own milk gland and its own teat; a goat or a sheep has two teats and a pig about fourteen. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/10/) — A cow gives milk only after she has had a calf; dairy cows usually calve about once a year and give milk for about ten months after, and a good one gives about 25 to 30 litres a day. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/11/) — In a milking robot, cameras and lasers find the four teats and a robot arm fixes the cups on while the cow eats a treat, and some cows choose to be milked three times a day. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/12/) — Milk is cooled to about 4 degrees straight after milking, and at the dairy it is heated to about 72 degrees for about 15 seconds; this pasteurisation, named after Louis Pasteur, kills germs. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/13/) — Pasteurised milk keeps about a week in the fridge, while UHT milk, heated much hotter for a few seconds, keeps for months on a shelf until it is opened. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/14/) — Milk fat floats in tiny drops and rises as cream; most shop milk is homogenised, squeezed through tiny holes so the drops are too small to rise. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/15/) — In Britain blue caps usually mean whole milk, green semi-skimmed and red skimmed, which has had most of its fat taken out. - [16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/16/) — Shaking or churning cream makes the fat drops stick together into butter, leaving buttermilk, and about 20 litres of milk make one kilogram of butter. - [17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/17/) — Cheese is made from curds, the soft lumps of thickened milk, pressed and ripened, while whey is the watery liquid left; cheesemakers add bacteria and rennet, a helper that makes milk set into curds; most of the milk sugar drains away with the whey, and about ten litres of milk make a kilogram of hard cheese. - [18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/18/) — Only some cheeses, like Emmental, have holes; they are gas bubbles made by bacteria, and Swiss scientists reported that specks of hay dust in the milk help them start. - [19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/19/) — Yoghurt is milk changed by friendly bacteria kept warm at about 40 to 45 degrees; they eat the milk sugar and make acid, which thickens the milk and makes it sharp. - [20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/20/) — People also milk goats, sheep, water buffalo, camels, yaks, horses and reindeer; feta is usually sheep's milk and real mozzarella is buffalo milk. - [21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/21/) — Many adults lose most of lactase, the body chemical that breaks down milk sugar, so milk gives them gas and a sore tummy; this happens in about two thirds of the world's adults but much less in northern Europe. - ← previous: [Weeds and wildflowers: dandelions, nettles, daisies, clover and plantain](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/340-weeds-and-wildflowers-dandelions-nettles-daisies-clover-and-plantain/) - next →: [Where eggs come from: hens, shell colours, sizes and what is inside](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/342-where-eggs-come-from-hens-shell-colours-sizes-and-what-is-inside/) - ↑ back to [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/)