--- title: Cheese is made from curds, the soft lumps of thickened milk, pressed… — Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, bu… · tree and pragmatics description: Cheese is made from curds, the soft lumps of thickened milk, pressed and ripened, while whey is the watery liquid left; cheesemakers add bacteria and rennet, a helper that makes milk set into curds; most of the milk sugar drains away with the whey, and about ten litres of milk make a kilogram of har --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Where milk comes from: cow to carton,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/) / 17 # Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, butter and yoghurt, sentence 17 Cheese is made from curds, the soft lumps of thickened milk, pressed and ripened, while whey is the watery liquid left; cheesemakers add bacteria and rennet, a helper that makes milk set into curds; most of the milk sugar drains away with the whey, and about ten litres of milk make a kilogram of hard cheese. **Who acts:** whey, cheesemakers, helper, most, ten litres · **What happens:** make, thicken, press, ripen, be, leave · **To what, where:** Cheese, curds, soft lumps, watery liquid, bacteria, milk set This is a sentence of the lesson «Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, butter and yoghurt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (whey, cheesemakers, helper, most), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt.lesson:17 # text = Cheese is made from curds, the soft lumps of thickened milk, pressed and ripened, while whey is the watery liquid left; cheesemakers add bacteria and rennet, a helper that makes milk set into curds; most of the milk sugar drains away with the whey, and about ten litres of milk make a kilogram of hard cheese. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×4, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Cheese cheese NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 from from ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 curds curd NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 soft soft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 lumps lump NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 appos _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 10 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 thickened thicken VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 amod _ _ 12 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 14 pressed press VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 acl:relcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:acl:relcl 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 ripened ripen VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 conj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 18 while while SCONJ IN _ 23 mark _ _ 19 whey whey NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 20 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 cop _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 22 watery watery ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 liquid liquid NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 advcl _ _ 24 left leave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 23 acl _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 cheesemakers cheesemaker NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 27 add add VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 28 bacteria bacterium NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=27:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 rennet rennet NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 conj _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 helper helper NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 appos _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=30:appos 34 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 35 nsubj _ _ 35 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 acl:relcl _ _ 36 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 compound _ _ 37 set set NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=35:obj 38 into into ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 curds curd NOUN NNS Number=Plur 37 obl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=37:nmod 40 ; ; PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 41 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 46 nsubj _ _ 42 of of ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 44 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 compound _ _ 45 sugar sugar NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 nmod _ _ 46 drains drain VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 47 away away ADV RB _ 46 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=46:parataxis 48 with with ADP IN _ 50 case _ _ 49 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 50 whey whey NOUN NN Number=Sing 46 obl _ _ 51 , , PUNCT , _ 58 punct _ _ 52 and and CCONJ CC _ 58 cc _ _ 53 about about ADV RB _ 54 advmod _ _ 54 ten ten NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 55 nummod _ _ 55 litres litre NOUN NNS Number=Plur 58 nsubj _ _ 56 of of ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 57 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 55 nmod _ _ 58 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 46 conj _ _ 59 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 60 det _ _ 60 kilogram kilogram NOUN NN Number=Sing 58 obj _ _ 61 of of ADP IN _ 63 case _ _ 62 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 63 amod _ _ 63 cheese cheese NOUN NN Number=Sing 60 nmod _ _ 64 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | present · passive | | Cheese | | curds | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from curd=Material | | 2 | **thicken** | participle | | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **press** | participle | | the soft lumps of thickened milk *not said here* | | | | | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **ripen** | participle | | | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **is a** | present | whey | the watery liquid | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **leave** | participle | | the watery liquid *not said here* | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **add** *speech: assert* | present | cheesemakers | bacteria and rennet | | | | | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacterium=Patient | | 8 | **make** | present | a helper | milk set | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | | 9 | **drain away** | present | most of the milk sugar | | | | | with the whey; away *property* | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP.Source V»: agent=Source | | 10 | **make** | present | ten litres of milk | a kilogram of hard cheese | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset kilogram=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×4, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Where milk comes from: cow to carton,…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/16/) - next →: [Where milk comes from: cow to carton,…, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/)