--- title: Yoghurt is milk changed by friendly bacteria kept warm at about 40 t… — Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, bu… · tree and pragmatics description: Yoghurt is milk changed by friendly bacteria kept warm at about 40 to 45 degrees; they eat the milk sugar and make acid, which thickens the milk and makes it sharp. Who acts: Yoghurt, bacteria, acid. A sentence of the lesson «Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, butter and yoghurt» of the b --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Where milk comes from: cow to carton,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/) / 19 # Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, butter and yoghurt, sentence 19 Yoghurt is milk changed by friendly bacteria kept warm at about 40 to 45 degrees; they eat the milk sugar and make acid, which thickens the milk and makes it sharp. **Who acts:** Yoghurt, bacteria, acid · **What happens:** be, change, keep, eat, make, thicken · **To what, where:** milk, friendly bacteria, 40 degrees, milk sugar, acid This is a sentence of the lesson «Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, butter and yoghurt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Yoghurt, bacteria, acid), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt.lesson:19 # text = Yoghurt is milk changed by friendly bacteria kept warm at about 40 to 45 degrees; they eat the milk sugar and make acid, which thickens the milk and makes it sharp. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Yoghurt yoghurt NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 cop _ _ 3 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 4 changed change VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 acl _ _ 5 by by ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 friendly friendly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 bacteria bacterium NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl:agent _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:obl:agent|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 8 kept keep VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 7 acl _ _ 9 warm warm ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 xcomp _ _ 10 at at ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 11 about about ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 12 40 40 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 15 nummod _ _ 13 to to ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 45 45 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 12 nmod _ _ 15 degrees degree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 16 ; ; PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 20 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 compound _ _ 21 sugar sugar NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 make make VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=18:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 acid acid NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 27 nsubj _ _ 27 thickens thicken VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 acl:relcl _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 makes make VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 conj _ _ 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 obj _ _ 33 sharp sharp ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 xcomp _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Yoghurt | milk | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **change** | participle | | milk *not said here* | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **keep** | participle | | friendly bacteria *not said here* | | 40 degrees | | warm *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent at degree=Location | | 4 | **eat** | present | bacteria *= bacterium* | the milk sugar | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sugar=Patient | | 5 | **make** | present | bacteria *= bacterium* *not said here* | acid | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset acid=Product | | 6 | **thicken** | present | acid | the milk | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent milk=Patient | | 7 | **make** | present | acid *not said here* | Milk | | | | sharp *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt.lesson:19`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Where milk comes from: cow to carton,…, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/18/) - next →: [Where milk comes from: cow to carton,…, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/20/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/)