--- title: Many adults lose most of lactase, the body chemical that breaks down… — Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, bu… · tree and pragmatics description: Many adults lose most of lactase, the body chemical that breaks down milk sugar, so milk gives them gas and a sore tummy; this happens in about two thirds of the world's adults but much less in northern Europe. Who acts: Many adults, body chemical, milk, this. A sentence of the lesson «Where milk co --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Where milk comes from: cow to carton,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/) / 21 # Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, butter and yoghurt, sentence 21 Many adults lose most of lactase, the body chemical that breaks down milk sugar, so milk gives them gas and a sore tummy; this happens in about two thirds of the world's adults but much less in northern Europe. **Who acts:** Many adults, body chemical, milk, this · **What happens:** lose, break down, give, happen · **To what, where:** most, milk sugar, gas, adults, two thirds This is a sentence of the lesson «Where milk comes from: cow to carton, cheese, butter and yoghurt» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many adults, body chemical, milk, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt.lesson:21 # text = Many adults lose most of lactase, the body chemical that breaks down milk sugar, so milk gives them gas and a sore tummy; this happens in about two thirds of the world's adults but much less in northern Europe. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 adults adult NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 lose lose VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 most most ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 3 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=6:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RBS:Degree=Sup 5 of of ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 lactase lactase NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:obj 7 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 body body NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 chemical chemical NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 appos _ _ 11 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 12 nsubj _ _ 12 breaks break VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 acl:relcl _ _ 13 down down ADP RP _ 12 compound:prt _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=12:compound:prt|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 14 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 compound _ _ 15 sugar sugar NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 17 so so ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 18 milk milk NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 19 gives give VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 20 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 iobj _ _ 21 gas gas NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 sore sore ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=25:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 25 tummy tummy NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 conj _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 27 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 28 nsubj _ _ 28 happens happen VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 29 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 30 about about ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 31 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 32 nummod _ _ 32 thirds third NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obl _ _ 33 of of ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nmod:poss _ _ 36 's 's PART POS _ 35 case _ _ 37 adults adult NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nmod _ _ 38 but but CCONJ CC _ 40 cc _ _ 39 much much ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 40 less less ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 37 conj _ _ 41 in in ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 42 northern northern ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 43 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 40 obl _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **lose** | present | Many adults | most of lactase | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Eventuality | | 2 | **break down** | present | the body chemical | milk sugar | | | | | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sugar=Patient | | 3 | **give** | present | milk | gas and a sore tummy | adults *= adult* | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient gas=Theme | | 4 | **happen** | present | this | | | two thirds of the world's adults | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in third=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt.lesson:21`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Where milk comes from: cow to carton,…, 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/20/) - next →: [Where eggs come from: hens, shell colo…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/342-where-eggs-come-from-hens-shell-colours-sizes-and-what-is-inside/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/341-where-milk-comes-from-cow-to-carton-cheese-butter-and-yoghurt/)