---
title: After 1066 English-speaking farmers kept the animals but French-spea… — Where meat and fish come from, told honestly · tree and pragmatics
description: After 1066 English-speaking farmers kept the animals but French-speaking Norman lords ate the meat, so we say cow, pig and sheep but beef, pork and mutton; chicken and fish kept one name. Who acts: English speaking farmers, speaking Norman lords, we, chicken. A sentence of the lesson «Where meat and
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/343-where-meat-and-fish-come-from-told-honestly/10/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Where meat and fish come from, told ho…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/343-where-meat-and-fish-come-from-told-honestly/) / 10

# Where meat and fish come from, told honestly, sentence 10

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After 1066 English-speaking farmers kept the animals but French-speaking Norman lords ate the meat, so we say cow, pig and sheep but beef, pork and mutton; chicken and fish kept one name.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** English speaking farmers, speaking Norman lords, we, chicken · **What happens:** speak, keep, eat, say · **To what, where:** animals, meat, cow, one name · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Where meat and fish come from, told honestly» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English speaking farmers, speaking Norman lords, we, chicken), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:343-where-meat-and-fish-come-from-told-honestly.lesson:10
# text = After 1066 English-speaking farmers kept the animals but French-speaking Norman lords ate the meat, so we say cow, pig and sheep but beef, pork and mutton; chicken and fish kept one name.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 343-where-meat-and-fish-come-from-told-honestly.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×4
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1066	1066	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	_
3	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	_
5	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
11	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	compound	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=13:amod
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	_
13	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	amod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:advcl
14	Norman	Norman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos
15	lords	lord	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	meat	meat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	so	so	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
21	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
23	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	pig	pig	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:obj
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	_
28	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	beef	beef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=27:conj
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	pork	pork	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=29:nmod
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	mutton	mutton	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	conj	_	_
34	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
35	chicken	chicken	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nsubj	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	conj	_	_
38	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
39	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	40	nummod	_	_
40	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	_
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **keep** | past | English speaking farmers | the animals |  |  | after 1066 |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **eat** | past | speaking Norman lords | the meat |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Patient |
| 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | we | cow and pig and sheep but beef and pork and mutton |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent cow=Topic |
| 6 | **keep** | past | chicken and fish | one name |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:343-where-meat-and-fish-come-from-told-honestly.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×4. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Where meat and fish come from, told ho…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/343-where-meat-and-fish-come-from-told-honestly/9/)
- next →: [Where meat and fish come from, told ho…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/343-where-meat-and-fish-come-from-told-honestly/11/)
- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/343-where-meat-and-fish-come-from-told-honestly/)