--- title: Potatoes were first farmed in the Andes of South America perhaps 700… — Rice, maize and potatoes: the plants that feed t… · tree and pragmatics description: Potatoes were first farmed in the Andes of South America perhaps 7000 or more years ago, grow well in cold, high places, and were brought to Europe by the Spanish in the 1500s. Who acts: Spanish. A sentence of the lesson «Rice, maize and potatoes: the plants that feed the world» of the biology cours --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/345-rice-maize-and-potatoes-the-plants-that-feed-the-world/18/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Rice, maize and potatoes: the plants t…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/345-rice-maize-and-potatoes-the-plants-that-feed-the-world/) / 18 # Rice, maize and potatoes: the plants that feed the world, sentence 18 Potatoes were first farmed in the Andes of South America perhaps 7000 or more years ago, grow well in cold, high places, and were brought to Europe by the Spanish in the 1500s. **Who acts:** Spanish · **What happens:** farm, grow, bring · **To what, where:** Potatoes, Andes, cold high places, Europe, 1500s This is a sentence of the lesson «Rice, maize and potatoes: the plants that feed the world» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Spanish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:345-rice-maize-and-potatoes-the-plants-that-feed-the-world.lesson:18 # text = Potatoes were first farmed in the Andes of South America perhaps 7000 or more years ago, grow well in cold, high places, and were brought to Europe by the Spanish in the 1500s. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 345-rice-maize-and-potatoes-the-plants-that-feed-the-world.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Potatoes potato NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 2 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 3 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 4 advmod _ _ 4 farmed farm VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 Andes Andes PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 South South PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 America America PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 11 perhaps perhaps ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=12:advmod 12 7000 7000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 15 nummod _ _ 13 or or CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 14 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 12 conj _ _ 15 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl:unmarked _ _ 16 ago ago ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 grow grow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 19 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 18 advmod _ _ 20 in in ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 21 cold cold ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 23 high high ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 places place NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 27 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 aux:pass _ _ 28 brought bring VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 conj _ _ 29 to to ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 31 by by ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 Spanish Spanish PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 obl:agent _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=28:obl:agent|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 34 in in ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 1500s 1500 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 28 obl _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **farm** | past · passive | | Potatoes | | the Andes of South America | | ago, first *property* | vn rear-26.2.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 2 | **grow** | present | | | | cold high places | | well *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location | | 3 | **bring** | past · passive | the Spanish | | Europe | the 1500s | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to europe=Destination | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:345-rice-maize-and-potatoes-the-plants-that-feed-the-world.lesson:18`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Rice, maize and potatoes: the plants t…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/345-rice-maize-and-potatoes-the-plants-that-feed-the-world/17/) - next →: [Rice, maize and potatoes: the plants t…, 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/345-rice-maize-and-potatoes-the-plants-that-feed-the-world/19/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/345-rice-maize-and-potatoes-the-plants-that-feed-the-world/)