--- title: Caffeine is a bitter defence that helps protect plants from insects;… — Sugar, chocolate, tea and coffee: the plants beh… · tree and pragmatics description: Caffeine is a bitter defence that helps protect plants from insects; it keeps people awake and hits children harder because their bodies are smaller, and many British shops will not sell energy drinks to under-16s. Who acts: Caffeine, bitter defence, plant, bodies. A sentence of the lesson «Sugar, c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/347-sugar-chocolate-tea-and-coffee-the-plants-behind-treats/22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Sugar, chocolate, tea and coffee: the…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/347-sugar-chocolate-tea-and-coffee-the-plants-behind-treats/) / 22 # Sugar, chocolate, tea and coffee: the plants behind treats, sentence 22 Caffeine is a bitter defence that helps protect plants from insects; it keeps people awake and hits children harder because their bodies are smaller, and many British shops will not sell energy drinks to under-16s. **Who acts:** Caffeine, bitter defence, plant, bodies, many British shops · **What happens:** be, help, protect, keep, hit, not sell · **To what, where:** bitter defence, plants, people, children, energy drinks, 16s This is a sentence of the lesson «Sugar, chocolate, tea and coffee: the plants behind treats» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Caffeine, bitter defence, plant, bodies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:347-sugar-chocolate-tea-and-coffee-the-plants-behind-treats.lesson:22 # text = Caffeine is a bitter defence that helps protect plants from insects; it keeps people awake and hits children harder because their bodies are smaller, and many British shops will not sell energy drinks to under-16s. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 347-sugar-chocolate-tea-and-coffee-the-plants-behind-treats.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Caffeine caffeine NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 bitter bitter ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 5 defence defence NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 7 nsubj _ _ 7 helps help VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 8 protect protect VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 xcomp _ _ 9 plants plant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 10 from from ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 12 ; ; PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 13 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 14 keeps keep VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 15 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obj _ _ 16 awake awake ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 xcomp _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 hits hit VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 19 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obj _ _ 20 harder hard ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 18 advmod _ _ 21 because because SCONJ IN _ 25 mark _ _ 22 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ _ 23 bodies body NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 24 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 cop _ _ 25 smaller small ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 7 advcl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 28 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 29 British British ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 shops shop NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nsubj _ _ 31 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 33 aux _ _ 32 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 33 advmod _ _ 33 sell sell VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 25 conj _ _ 34 energy energy NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 compound _ _ 35 drinks drink NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obj _ _ 36 to to ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 37 under under ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 37 punct _ _ 39 16s 16 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 33 obl _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Caffeine | a bitter defence | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **help** | present | a bitter defence | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 3 | **protect** | infinitive | a bitter defence *not said here* | plants | | | | from insects | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent plant=Beneficiary from insect=Theme | | 4 | **keep** | present | plant | people | | | | awake *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme | | 5 | **hit** | present | plant *not said here* | children | | | | hard *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme child=Co-Theme | | 6 | **is** | present | caffeine's bodies | | | | | small *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **not** **sell** | future | many British shops | energy drinks | 16s | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent drink=Theme to 16=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:347-sugar-chocolate-tea-and-coffee-the-plants-behind-treats.lesson:22`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Sugar, chocolate, tea and coffee: the…, 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/347-sugar-chocolate-tea-and-coffee-the-plants-behind-treats/21/) - next →: [Nuts, beans, seeds and spices, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/348-nuts-beans-seeds-and-spices/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/347-sugar-chocolate-tea-and-coffee-the-plants-behind-treats/)