--- title: Parrots copy sounds with a voice box deep in the chest; Alex, an Afr… — Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrot… · tree and pragmatics description: Parrots copy sounds with a voice box deep in the chest; Alex, an African grey studied for 30 years, learned over 100 words and could name colours, shapes and numbers. Who acts: Parrots, Alex. A sentence of the lesson «Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/35-birds-of-every-kind/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Birds of every kind: penguins, ostrich…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/35-birds-of-every-kind/) / 8 # Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows, sentence 8 Parrots copy sounds with a voice box deep in the chest; Alex, an African grey studied for 30 years, learned over 100 words and could name colours, shapes and numbers. **Who acts:** Parrots, Alex · **What happens:** copy, study, learn, name · **To what, where:** sounds, African grey, 100 words, colours This is a sentence of the lesson «Birds of every kind: penguins, ostriches, parrots, hummingbirds, songbirds, crows» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Parrots, Alex), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:035-birds-of-every-kind.lesson:8 # text = Parrots copy sounds with a voice box deep in the chest; Alex, an African grey studied for 30 years, learned over 100 words and could name colours, shapes and numbers. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 035-birds-of-every-kind.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1 1 Parrots parrot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 copy copy VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 sounds sound NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 4 with with ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 voice voice NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 box box NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 8 deep deep ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 chest chest NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 12 ; ; PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 13 Alex Alex PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 15 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 16 African African ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 17 grey grey NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 appos _ _ 18 studied study VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 acl _ _ 19 for for ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 30 30 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 21 nummod _ _ 21 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 learned learn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 24 over over ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 25 100 100 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 26 nummod _ _ 26 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 28 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=30:aux 29 name name VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 23 conj _ _ 30 colours colour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 32 shapes shape NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 conj _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 34 numbers number NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=32:conj 35 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **copy** | present | Parrots | sounds | | | | with a voice box in the chest | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sound=Theme | | 2 | **study** | participle | | a African grey *not said here* | | | year | | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **learn** | past | Alex | 100 words | | | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic | | 4 | **name** | could | Alex *not said here* | colours and shapes and numbers | | | | | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:035-birds-of-every-kind.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Birds of every kind: penguins, ostrich…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/35-birds-of-every-kind/7/) - next →: [Birds of every kind: penguins, ostrich…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/35-birds-of-every-kind/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/35-birds-of-every-kind/)