--- title: Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands», a lesson of the biology course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: Your arm is a chain of bones from the shoulder to the fingertips: the collarbone and shoulder blade at the top, one long upper ar --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands # Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands Lesson 358 of the biology course of Mova's primary school: 14 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands/0/) — Your arm is a chain of bones from the shoulder to the fingertips: the collarbone and shoulder blade at the top, one long upper arm bone, two forearm bones and then a hand packed with small bones. - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands/1/) — Swing your arm in a full circle: only the shoulder can do that, because it is a ball sitting in a shallow socket, free to turn almost any way, held there mostly by muscles. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands/2/) — Now turn a door handle: your hand flips palm up and palm down because one forearm bone, the radius, rolls over the other, the ulna. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands/3/) — Bang your elbow on a table and your little finger tingles: that is the funny bone, which is not a bone at all but a nerve lying close under the skin. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands/4/) — The collarbone is one of the most commonly broken bones in children, often from falling on an outstretched arm, which sends the force up to the shoulder; it usually heals well in a few weeks. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands/5/) — The shoulder blade, or scapula, is a flat triangular bone held mostly by muscles, gliding on the back so the arm can move widely. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands/6/) — The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint and the most mobile joint in the body; its socket is shallow, so it moves freely but can pop out, which is called dislocation. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands/7/) — The upper arm bone is the humerus, and the funny bone is really a nerve running past the elbow, whose tingling runs down into the little finger; the name is a pun on humerus and humorous. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands/8/) — The forearm has two bones, the radius on the thumb side and the ulna on the little-finger side; the radius rolls over the ulna when you turn your hand. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands/9/) — Each hand has 27 bones: 8 in the wrist, 5 in the palm and 14 in the fingers, so both hands together have 54, about a quarter of all the body's bones. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands/10/) — The thumb has two finger bones and the other fingers three each, and the thumb can touch every fingertip, which gives a strong, careful grip. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands/11/) — A newborn's wrist bones are mostly soft cartilage that hardens one by one through childhood, so a doctor can estimate a child's bone age from a wrist X-ray; an adult's shows all eight. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands/12/) — Cracking knuckles makes a pop as a gas bubble forms in the joint fluid; one doctor cracked the knuckles of one hand for 60 years and found no arthritis, a painful stiffness of the joints, and studies have not shown it to be harmful. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands/13/) — A bat's wing has the same arm bones as ours, upper arm, forearm and very long finger bones, with skin stretched between the fingers; whales, birds and horses share the same plan too. - ← previous: [Bones by name: the skull, jaw, spine and ribs](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/357-bones-by-name-the-skull-jaw-spine-and-ribs/) - next →: [Bones by name: hips, legs and feet, and the extra bones of a baby](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/359-bones-by-name-hips-legs-and-feet-and-the-extra-bones-of-a-baby/) - ↑ back to [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/)