---
title: Swing your arm in a full circle: only the shoulder can do that, beca… — Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands · tree and pragmatics
description: Swing your arm in a full circle: only the shoulder can do that, because it is a ball sitting in a shallow socket, free to turn almost any way, held there mostly by muscles. Who acts: you, shoulder, ball. A sentence of the lesson «Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands» of the biology course of Mov
---

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# Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands, sentence 1

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swing your arm in a full circle: only the shoulder can do that, because it is a ball sitting in a shallow socket, free to turn almost any way, held there mostly by muscles.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, shoulder, ball · **What happens:** swing, do, be, sit, turn, hold · **To what, where:** arm, full circle, ball, shallow socket, way

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, shoulder, ball), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands.lesson:1
# text = Swing your arm in a full circle: only the shoulder can do that, because it is a ball sitting in a shallow socket, free to turn almost any way, held there mostly by muscles.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1
1	Swing	swing	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	circle	circle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
9	only	only	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:advmod
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	shoulder	shoulder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl:relcl	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	obj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	advcl	_	_
21	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	acl	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	shallow	shallow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	socket	socket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	conj	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	xcomp	_	_
30	almost	almost	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
31	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	32	det	_	_
32	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
34	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
35	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	34	advmod	_	_
36	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
37	by	by	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	muscles	muscle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obl:agent	_	_
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .note -->
No stored speech act for this sentence.

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swing** | imperative | you *not said here* | your arm |  | a full circle |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent arm=Theme in circle=Location |
| 2 | **do** | can | the shoulder | a full circle |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality |
| 3 | **is a** | present | shoulder | a ball |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **sit** | gerund | a ball *not said here* |  |  | a shallow socket |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in socket=Location |
| 5 | **turn** | to-infinitive | a ball *not said here* | any way |  |  |  | almost *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent way=Theme |
| 6 | **hold** | participle |  | a ball *not said here* |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands.lesson:1`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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