---
title: Cracking knuckles makes a pop as a gas bubble forms in the joint flu… — Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands · tree and pragmatics
description: Cracking knuckles makes a pop as a gas bubble forms in the joint fluid; one doctor cracked the knuckles of one hand for 60 years and found no arthritis, a painful stiffness of the joints, and studies have not shown it to be harmful. Who acts: Cracking, gas bubble, one doctor, studies. A sentence of 
---

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# Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands, sentence 12

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Cracking knuckles makes a pop as a gas bubble forms in the joint fluid; one doctor cracked the knuckles of one hand for 60 years and found no arthritis, a painful stiffness of the joints, and studies have not shown it to be harmful.

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**Who acts:** Cracking, gas bubble, one doctor, studies · **What happens:** crack, make, form, find, not show, be · **To what, where:** knuckles, pop, joint fluid, arthritis, doctor

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cracking, gas bubble, one doctor, studies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands.lesson:12
# text = Cracking knuckles makes a pop as a gas bubble forms in the joint fluid; one doctor cracked the knuckles of one hand for 60 years and found no arthritis, a painful stiffness of the joints, and studies have not shown it to be harmful.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Cracking	crack	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	knuckles	knuckle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pop	pop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	bubble	bubble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	forms	form	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	joint	joint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	fluid	fluid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
18	cracked	crack	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	knuckles	knuckle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	nummod	_	_
23	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	60	60	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	26	nummod	_	_
26	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
29	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	30	det	_	_
30	arthritis	arthritis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	painful	painful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	stiffness	stiffness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	appos	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	joints	joint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nmod	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	43	cc	_	_
40	studies	study	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	nsubj	_	_
41	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	43	aux	_	_
42	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	43	advmod	_	_
43	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
44	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	43	obj	_	_
45	to	to	PART	TO	_	47	mark	_	_
46	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	47	cop	_	_
47	harmful	harmful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	xcomp	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crack** | gerund |  | knuckles |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location knuckle=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | present | Cracking | a pop |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset pop=Product |
| 3 | **form** | present | a gas bubble |  |  | the joint fluid |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in fluid=Location |
| 4 | **crack** | past | one doctor | the knuckles of one hand |  |  | year |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location knuckle=Theme |
| 5 | **find** | past | one doctor *not said here* | no arthritis |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arthritis=Topic |
| 6 | **not** **show** | present · perfect | studies | doctor |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient |
| 7 | **is** | to-infinitive | studies *not said here* |  |  |  |  | harmful *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands.lesson:12`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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