---
title: A bat's wing has the same arm bones as ours, upper arm, forearm and… — Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands · tree and pragmatics
description: A bat's wing has the same arm bones as ours, upper arm, forearm and very long finger bones, with skin stretched between the fingers; whales, birds and horses share the same plan too. Who acts: wing, whales. A sentence of the lesson «Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands» of the biology course of 
---

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# Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands, sentence 13

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bat's wing has the same arm bones as ours, upper arm, forearm and very long finger bones, with skin stretched between the fingers; whales, birds and horses share the same plan too.

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**Who acts:** wing, whales · **What happens:** have, stretch, share · **To what, where:** same arm bones, skin, same plan

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Bones by name: shoulders, arms and hands» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wing, whales), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands.lesson:13
# text = A bat's wing has the same arm bones as ours, upper arm, forearm and very long finger bones, with skin stretched between the fingers; whales, birds and horses share the same plan too.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:det
2	bat	bat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	_
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	wing	wing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=35:obj
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	ours	our	PRON	PRP	Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	upper	upper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	forearm	forearm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	very	very	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
20	finger	finger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
25	stretched	stretch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	acl	_	_
26	between	between	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	whales	whale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	nsubj	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	conj	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	conj	_	_
35	share	share	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	_
39	too	too	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a bat's wing | the same arm bones and upper arm and forearm and long finger bones and skin |  |  |  | as ours | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Patient |
| 2 | **stretch** | participle |  | skin *not said here* |  |  |  | between the fingers | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **share** | present | whales and birds and horses | the same plan |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands.lesson:13`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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- ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/358-bones-by-name-shoulders-arms-and-hands/)