--- title: The kneecap protects the front of the knee and helps the thigh muscl… — Bones by name: hips, legs and feet, and the extr… · tree and pragmatics description: The kneecap protects the front of the knee and helps the thigh muscles pull; in babies it is soft cartilage that turns to bone over the first years. Who acts: kneecap, thigh muscles, soft cartilage. A sentence of the lesson «Bones by name: hips, legs and feet, and the extra bones of a baby» of the b --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/359-bones-by-name-hips-legs-and-feet-and-the-extra-bones-of-a-baby/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Bones by name: hips, legs and feet, an…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/359-bones-by-name-hips-legs-and-feet-and-the-extra-bones-of-a-baby/) / 5 # Bones by name: hips, legs and feet, and the extra bones of a baby, sentence 5 The kneecap protects the front of the knee and helps the thigh muscles pull; in babies it is soft cartilage that turns to bone over the first years. **Who acts:** kneecap, thigh muscles, soft cartilage · **What happens:** protect, help, pull, be, turn · **To what, where:** front, soft cartilage, babies, bone This is a sentence of the lesson «Bones by name: hips, legs and feet, and the extra bones of a baby» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kneecap, thigh muscles, soft cartilage), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:359-bones-by-name-hips-legs-and-feet-and-the-extra-bones-of-a-baby.lesson:5 # text = The kneecap protects the front of the knee and helps the thigh muscles pull; in babies it is soft cartilage that turns to bone over the first years. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 359-bones-by-name-hips-legs-and-feet-and-the-extra-bones-of-a-baby.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 kneecap kneecap NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 protects protect VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 front front NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 knee knee NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 helps help VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 thigh thigh NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 compound _ _ 13 muscles muscle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj _ _ 14 pull pull VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=10:ccomp|HaikuPos=VERB:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 ; ; PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 16 in in ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 babies baby NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl _ _ 18 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nsubj _ _ 19 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 cop _ _ 20 soft soft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 cartilage cartilage NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ _ 22 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 23 nsubj _ _ 23 turns turn VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 acl:relcl _ _ 24 to to ADP IN _ 25 case _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=25:case|HaikuPos=ADP:TO:_ 25 bone bone NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 26 over over ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 29 amod _ _ 29 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **protect** | present | the kneecap | the front of the knee | | | | | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent front=Beneficiary | | 2 | **help** | present | the kneecap *not said here* | | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 3 | **pull** | infinitive | the thigh muscles | | | | | | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **is a** | present | kneecap | soft cartilage | | babies | | | tree rules | | 5 | **turn** | present | soft cartilage | | | bone | year | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to bone=Trajectory | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:359-bones-by-name-hips-legs-and-feet-and-the-extra-bones-of-a-baby.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Bones by name: hips, legs and feet, an…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/359-bones-by-name-hips-legs-and-feet-and-the-extra-bones-of-a-baby/4/) - next →: [Bones by name: hips, legs and feet, an…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/359-bones-by-name-hips-legs-and-feet-and-the-extra-bones-of-a-baby/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/359-bones-by-name-hips-legs-and-feet-and-the-extra-bones-of-a-baby/)