--- title: Insects have no lungs: air enters through little holes along the sid… — Insects: six legs, three parts; ants, bees and w… · tree and pragmatics description: Insects have no lungs: air enters through little holes along the sides called spiracles and travels down branching tubes to every part, which only works well over short distances, one reason insects stay small. Who acts: Insects, air, sides, part. A sentence of the lesson «Insects: six legs, three p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/36-insects-six-legs-ants-bees-and-wasps/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Insects: six legs, three parts; ants,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/36-insects-six-legs-ants-bees-and-wasps/) / 7 # Insects: six legs, three parts; ants, bees and wasps, sentence 7 Insects have no lungs: air enters through little holes along the sides called spiracles and travels down branching tubes to every part, which only works well over short distances, one reason insects stay small. **Who acts:** Insects, air, sides, part · **What happens:** have, enter, call, travel down, branch, work · **To what, where:** lungs, little holes, spiracles, branching tubes, one reason · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Insects: six legs, three parts; ants, bees and wasps» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Insects, air, sides, part), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:036-insects-six-legs-ants-bees-and-wasps.lesson:7 # text = Insects have no lungs: air enters through little holes along the sides called spiracles and travels down branching tubes to every part, which only works well over short distances, one reason insects stay small. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 036-insects-six-legs-ants-bees-and-wasps.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 4 det _ _ 4 lungs lung NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 5 : : PUNCT : _ 7 punct _ _ 6 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 7 enters enter VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 8 through through ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 holes hole NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ _ 11 along along ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 sides side NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nmod _ _ 14 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 13 acl _ _ 15 spiracles spiracle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 xcomp _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 travels travel VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 conj _ _ 18 down down ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 19 branching branch VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 20 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=20:amod 20 tubes tube NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obj _ _ 21 to to ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 23 det _ _ 23 part part NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obl _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 27 nsubj _ _ 26 only only ADV RB _ 27 advmod _ _ 27 works work VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 acl:relcl _ _ 28 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 27 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=31:advmod 29 over over ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 short short ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 distances distance NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 obl _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 33 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 34 nummod _ _ 34 reason reason NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 appos _ _ 35 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 nsubj _ _ 36 stay stay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 34 acl _ _ 37 small small ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 xcomp _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Insects | no lungs | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lung=Patient | | 2 | **enter** | present | air | | | little holes along the sides | | | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through hole=Initial\_Location | | 3 | **call** | participle | the sides *not said here* | spiracles | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **travel down** | present | air *not said here* | branching tubes | | | | to every part; down *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme tube=Trajectory | | 5 | **branch** | gerund | | | | | | | vn differ-23.4 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **work** | present | every part | | | | | over short distances; well *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **stay** | infinitive | insects | one reason *not said here* | | | | small *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme reason=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:036-insects-six-legs-ants-bees-and-wasps.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Insects: six legs, three parts; ants,…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/36-insects-six-legs-ants-bees-and-wasps/6/) - next →: [Insects: six legs, three parts; ants,…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/36-insects-six-legs-ants-bees-and-wasps/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/36-insects-six-legs-ants-bees-and-wasps/)