--- title: Muscles grow stronger with use; astronauts in space lose muscle with… — Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, kne… · tree and pragmatics description: Muscles grow stronger with use; astronauts in space lose muscle without gravity to work against, so they exercise about two hours a day. Who acts: Muscles, astronauts. A sentence of the lesson «Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows and the busiest muscles» of the biology course --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/360-muscles-and-joints-by-name-biceps-triceps-knees-elbows-and-the-busiest-muscles/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Muscles and joints by name: biceps, tr…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/360-muscles-and-joints-by-name-biceps-triceps-knees-elbows-and-the-busiest-muscles/) / 16 # Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows and the busiest muscles, sentence 16 Muscles grow stronger with use; astronauts in space lose muscle without gravity to work against, so they exercise about two hours a day. **Who acts:** Muscles, astronauts · **What happens:** grow, lose, work, exercise · **To what, where:** muscle This is a sentence of the lesson «Muscles and joints by name: biceps, triceps, knees, elbows and the busiest muscles» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Muscles, astronauts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:360-muscles-and-joints-by-name-biceps-triceps-knees-elbows-and-the-busiest-muscles.lesson:16 # text = Muscles grow stronger with use; astronauts in space lose muscle without gravity to work against, so they exercise about two hours a day. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 360-muscles-and-joints-by-name-biceps-triceps-knees-elbows-and-the-busiest-muscles.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Muscles muscle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 grow grow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 stronger strong ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 2 xcomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:xcomp 4 with with ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 use use NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 6 ; ; PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 astronauts astronaut NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ _ 8 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 space space NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 10 lose lose VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:parataxis|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 11 muscle muscle NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 12 without without ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 gravity gravity NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obl _ _ 14 to to PART TO _ 15 mark _ _ 15 work work VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 advcl _ _ 16 against against ADP IN _ 15 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 so so ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 19 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 exercise exercise VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=10:conj 21 about about ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 22 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 23 nummod _ _ 23 hours hour NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nmod:unmarked _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 26 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **grow** | present | Muscles | | | | | with use; strong *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **lose** | present | astronauts in space | muscle | | | | without gravity | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent muscle=Eventuality | | 3 | **work** | to-infinitive | astronauts in space *not said here* | | | | | | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **exercise** | present | muscles *= muscle* | | | | day | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:360-muscles-and-joints-by-name-biceps-triceps-knees-elbows-and-the-busiest-muscles.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Muscles and joints by name: biceps, tr…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/360-muscles-and-joints-by-name-biceps-triceps-knees-elbows-and-the-busiest-muscles/15/) - next →: [Growing up: growth spurts, height, voi…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/360-muscles-and-joints-by-name-biceps-triceps-knees-elbows-and-the-busiest-muscles/)