--- title: Growth plates are bands of soft cartilage near the ends of bones whe… — Growing up: growth spurts, height, voices and ge… · tree and pragmatics description: Growth plates are bands of soft cartilage near the ends of bones where new bone is added; they show as gaps on an X-ray because cartilage lets X-rays through, and they close into solid bone when the teenage years end. Who acts: Growth plates, Bones, cartilage, teenage years. A sentence of the lesson --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Growing up: growth spurts, height, voi…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger/) / 6 # Growing up: growth spurts, height, voices and getting stronger, sentence 6 Growth plates are bands of soft cartilage near the ends of bones where new bone is added; they show as gaps on an X-ray because cartilage lets X-rays through, and they close into solid bone when the teenage years end. **Who acts:** Growth plates, Bones, cartilage, teenage years · **What happens:** be, add, show, let through, close, end · **To what, where:** bands, ends, new bone, X rays, solid bone This is a sentence of the lesson «Growing up: growth spurts, height, voices and getting stronger» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Growth plates, Bones, cartilage, teenage years), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger.lesson:6 # text = Growth plates are bands of soft cartilage near the ends of bones where new bone is added; they show as gaps on an X-ray because cartilage lets X-rays through, and they close into solid bone when the teenage years end. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Growth growth NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 plates plate NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 bands band NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 soft soft ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 cartilage cartilage NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 8 near near ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 ends end NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=7:nmod 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 bones bone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nmod _ _ 13 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 17 advmod _ _ 14 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 bone bone NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nsubj:pass _ _ 16 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 17 aux:pass _ _ 17 added add VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 acl:relcl _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT : _ 20 punct _ _ 19 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nsubj _ _ 20 show show VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 21 as as ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 gaps gaps NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl _ _ 23 on on ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 24 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 25 X x NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 compound _ _ 26 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 25 punct _ _ 27 ray ray NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:obl 28 because because SCONJ IN _ 30 mark _ _ 29 cartilage cartilage NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 30 lets let VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=27:advcl 31 X x NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=33:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 32 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 31 punct _ _ 33 rays ray NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obj _ _ 34 through through ADP RP _ 30 compound:prt _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 37 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 38 close close VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 39 into into ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 solid solid ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 amod _ _ 41 bone bone NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 42 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 46 advmod _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 44 teenage teenage ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ _ 45 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 46 nsubj _ _ 46 end end VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 advcl _ _ 47 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Growth plates | bands | | | near the ends of bones | of soft cartilage | tree rules | | 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | present · passive | | new bone | | | | | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 3 | **show** | present | Bones *= bone* | | | | | as gaps on a X ray | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **let through** | present | cartilage | X rays | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ray=Theme | | 5 | **close** | present | Bones *= bone* | | | solid bone | | | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent into bone=Recipient | | 6 | **end** | present | the teenage years | | | | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Growing up: growth spurts, height, voi…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger/5/) - next →: [Growing up: growth spurts, height, voi…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/361-growing-up-growth-spurts-height-voices-and-getting-stronger/)