--- title: A horned dung beetle was measured pulling about 1,141 times its own… — Tiny champions: the strongest beetle, the highes… · tree and pragmatics description: A horned dung beetle was measured pulling about 1,141 times its own weight; males push and pull each other in narrow tunnels, and for a person it would be like pulling about six full double-decker buses. Who acts: males, weight. A sentence of the lesson «Tiny champions: the strongest beetle, the hig --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Tiny champions: the strongest beetle,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede/) / 4 # Tiny champions: the strongest beetle, the highest-jumping flea and the leggiest millipede, sentence 4 A horned dung beetle was measured pulling about 1,141 times its own weight; males push and pull each other in narrow tunnels, and for a person it would be like pulling about six full double-decker buses. **Who acts:** males, weight · **What happens:** measure, pull about, push, pull, be · **To what, where:** horned dung beetle, own weight, each, narrow tunnels, person This is a sentence of the lesson «Tiny champions: the strongest beetle, the highest-jumping flea and the leggiest millipede» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (males, weight), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede.lesson:4 # text = A horned dung beetle was measured pulling about 1,141 times its own weight; males push and pull each other in narrow tunnels, and for a person it would be like pulling about six full double-decker buses. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 2 horned horned ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 3 dung dung NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 beetle beetle NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 5 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux:pass _ _ 6 measured measure VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 7 pulling pull VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 6 advcl _ _ 8 about about ADV RB _ 9 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=10:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 9 1,141 1,141 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 10 nummod _ _ 10 times time NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obl _ _ 11 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ _ 12 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 13 weight weight NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 males male NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 16 push push VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 pull pull VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 19 each each DET DT ExtPos=PRON|PronType=Rcp 18 obj _ _ 20 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 fixed _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 narrow narrow ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 tunnels tunnel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 26 for for ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 person person NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 conj _ _ 29 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 30 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 33 aux _ _ 31 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 33 cop _ _ 32 like like SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 33 pulling pull VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 28 acl _ _ 34 about about ADV RB _ 35 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=40:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 35 six six NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 40 nummod _ _ 36 full full ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 40 amod _ _ 37 double double ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 38 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 37 punct _ _ 39 decker decker NOUN NN Number=Sing 40 compound _ _ 40 buses bus NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=33:obl 41 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **measure** | past · passive | | a horned dung beetle | | | | | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: subject=Value | | 2 | **pull about** | gerund | | ant's own weight | | | time | | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Theme | | 3 | **push** | present | males | | | | | | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **pull** | present | males *not said here* | each | | narrow tunnels | | | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent each=Theme | | 5 | **is** | would | weight | a person *not said here* | | | | pull *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Tiny champions: the strongest beetle,…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede/2/) - next →: [Tiny champions: the strongest beetle,…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/365-tiny-champions-the-strongest-beetle-the-highest-jumping-flea-and-the-leggiest-millipede/)