---
title: Each city bird uses the city its own way: sparrows hop round the cru… — City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows a… · tree and pragmatics
description: Each city bird uses the city its own way: sparrows hop round the crumbs, starlings swirl over the roofs at dusk, swifts scream over the chimneys in summer, crows gather in winter roosts and peregrines hunt pigeons from the cathedral tower. Who acts: city bird, sparrows, starlings, swifts. A sentence
---

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# City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buildings, sentence 1

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each city bird uses the city its own way: sparrows hop round the crumbs, starlings swirl over the roofs at dusk, swifts scream over the chimneys in summer, crows gather in winter roosts and peregrines hunt pigeons from the cathedral tower.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** city bird, sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows, peregrines · **What happens:** use, hop, swirl, scream, gather, hunt · **To what, where:** city, crumbs, roofs, chimneys, winter roosts, pigeons

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buildings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (city bird, sparrows, starlings, swifts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:biology:369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings.lesson:1
# text = Each city bird uses the city its own way: sparrows hop round the crumbs, starlings swirl over the roofs at dusk, swifts scream over the chimneys in summer, crows gather in winter roosts and peregrines hunt pigeons from the cathedral tower.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = biology
# lesson = 369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
2	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:obl:unmarked
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	sparrows	sparrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	hop	hop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
13	round	round	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	crumbs	crumb	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=17:punct
17	starlings	starling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
18	swirl	swirl	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
19	over	over	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	roofs	roof	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	_
22	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	dusk	dusk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	swifts	swift	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
26	scream	scream	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
27	over	over	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	chimneys	chimney	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	crows	crow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nsubj	_	_
34	gather	gather	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
37	roosts	roost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obl	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=33:obl
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
39	peregrines	peregrine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	nsubj	_	_
40	hunt	hunt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	conj	_	Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:conj
41	pigeons	pigeon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	obj	_	_
42	from	from	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
44	cathedral	cathedral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	compound	_	_
45	tower	tower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | each city bird | the city |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hop** | present | sparrows |  |  | the crumbs |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme round crumb=Trajectory |
| 3 | **swirl** | present | starlings |  |  | the roofs | dusk |  | vn coil-9.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over roof=Destination |
| 4 | **scream** *speech: express* | present | swifts |  |  | the chimneys | summer |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over chimney=Location |
| 5 | **gather** | present | crows |  |  | winter roosts |  |  | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **hunt** | present | peregrines | pigeons |  | the cathedral tower |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pigeon=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings.lesson:1`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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