--- title: Common swifts can stay in the air for about ten months without landi… — City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows a… · tree and pragmatics description: Common swifts can stay in the air for about ten months without landing; they eat insects and drink in flight and are thought to sleep while flying high up. Who acts: Common swifts, swifts. A sentence of the lesson «City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buildings» of t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [City birds: sparrows, starlings, swift…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings/) / 10 # City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buildings, sentence 10 Common swifts can stay in the air for about ten months without landing; they eat insects and drink in flight and are thought to sleep while flying high up. **Who acts:** Common swifts, swifts · **What happens:** stay, land, eat, drink, think, sleep · **To what, where:** air, insects, flight This is a sentence of the lesson «City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buildings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Common swifts, swifts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings.lesson:10 # text = Common swifts can stay in the air for about ten months without landing; they eat insects and drink in flight and are thought to sleep while flying high up. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Common common ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 swifts swift NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 stay stay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 air air NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 for for ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 9 about about ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 10 ten ten NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 11 nummod _ _ 11 months month NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 12 without without SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 13 landing land VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 advcl _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 16 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 17 insects insect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 drink drink VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=16:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 20 in in ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 flight flight NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 23 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux:pass _ _ 24 thought think VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 16 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=19:conj 25 to to PART TO _ 26 mark _ _ 26 sleep sleep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 xcomp _ _ 27 while while SCONJ IN _ 28 mark _ _ 28 flying fly VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 26 advcl _ _ 29 high high ADV RB Degree=Pos 30 advmod _ _ 30 up up ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **stay** | can | Common swifts | | | the air | month | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in air=Location | | 2 | **land** | gerund | Common swifts *not said here* | | | | | | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **eat** | present | swifts *= swift* | insects | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient | | 4 | **drink** | present | swifts *= swift* *not said here* | | | flight | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **think** *speech: other* | present · passive | swifts *= swift* *not said here* | | | | | | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S\_INF»: clause=Theme | | 6 | **sleep** | to-infinitive | swifts *= swift* *not said here* | | | | | | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **fly** | gerund | swifts *= swift* *not said here* | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [City birds: sparrows, starlings, swift…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings/9/) - next →: [City birds: sparrows, starlings, swift…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings/)