--- title: City life changes birds too: some lose their nest holes when old bui… — City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows a… · tree and pragmatics description: City life changes birds too: some lose their nest holes when old buildings are mended, and many sing higher, louder or at night so they can be heard over the traffic. Who acts: City life, some, many. A sentence of the lesson «City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buil --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [City birds: sparrows, starlings, swift…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings/) / 3 # City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buildings, sentence 3 City life changes birds too: some lose their nest holes when old buildings are mended, and many sing higher, louder or at night so they can be heard over the traffic. **Who acts:** City life, some, many · **What happens:** change, lose, mend, sing, hear · **To what, where:** birds, nest holes, old buildings, buildings, traffic This is a sentence of the lesson «City birds: sparrows, starlings, swifts, crows and peregrines on tall buildings» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (City life, some, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings.lesson:3 # text = City life changes birds too: some lose their nest holes when old buildings are mended, and many sing higher, louder or at night so they can be heard over the traffic. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 City City PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 compound _ _ 2 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 changes change VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 5 too too ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:advmod 6 : : PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 7 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 8 nsubj _ _ 8 lose lose VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 9 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 10 nest nest NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 holes hole NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obj _ _ 12 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 16 advmod _ _ 13 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 buildings building NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj:pass _ _ 15 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 aux:pass _ _ 16 mended mend VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 advcl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=21:punct 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 19 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 nsubj _ _ 20 sing sing VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 21 higher high ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 20 advmod _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 louder loud ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 21 conj _ _ 24 or or CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 25 at at ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=23:conj 27 so so SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=31:advmod|HaikuPos=ADV:RB:_ 28 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ _ 29 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 30 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 31 aux:pass _ _ 31 heard hear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 20 advcl _ _ 32 over over ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 traffic traffic NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=16:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **change** | present | City life | birds | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Patient | | 2 | **lose** | present | some | starlings's nest holes | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Eventuality | | 3 | **mend** | present · passive | | old buildings | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | many | | | | | high *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **hear** | can · passive | | buildings *= building* | | the traffic | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [City birds: sparrows, starlings, swift…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings/2/) - next →: [City birds: sparrows, starlings, swift…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/369-city-birds-sparrows-starlings-swifts-crows-and-peregrines-on-tall-buildings/)