--- title: Desert locusts are grasshoppers that, when crowded, change colour an… — Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes… · tree and pragmatics description: Desert locusts are grasshoppers that, when crowded, change colour and behaviour and form swarms of billions that eat crops. Who acts: Desert locusts, grasshoppers, billions. A sentence of the lesson «Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers» of the biology course of Mova's prim --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/) / 16 # Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers, sentence 16 Desert locusts are grasshoppers that, when crowded, change colour and behaviour and form swarms of billions that eat crops. **Who acts:** Desert locusts, grasshoppers, billions · **What happens:** be, crowd, change, form, eat · **To what, where:** grasshoppers, colour, swarms, crops This is a sentence of the lesson «Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Desert locusts, grasshoppers, billions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:037-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers.lesson:16 # text = Desert locusts are grasshoppers that, when crowded, change colour and behaviour and form swarms of billions that eat crops. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 037-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Desert desert NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 compound _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 2 locusts locust NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 grasshoppers grasshopper NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 5 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 10 nsubj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 when when SCONJ WRB _ 8 mark _ _ 8 crowded crowd VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 advcl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=10:advcl|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 change change VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 acl:relcl _ _ 11 colour colour NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 behaviour behaviour NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 conj _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 form form VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=10:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 16 swarms swarm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obj _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 billions billion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nmod _ _ 19 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 20 nsubj _ _ 20 eat eat VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 acl:relcl _ _ 21 crops crop NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obj _ _ 22 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Desert locusts | grasshoppers | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **crowd** | participle | grasshoppers *not said here* | | | | | | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **change** | present | grasshoppers | colour and behaviour | | | | | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient | | 4 | **form** | present | grasshoppers *not said here* | swarms of billions | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location swarm=Theme | | 5 | **eat** | present | billions | crops | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crop=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:037-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies,…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/14/) - next →: [Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies,…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/)