--- title: Beetles are the biggest family of animals on Earth: their hard front… — Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes… · tree and pragmatics description: Beetles are the biggest family of animals on Earth: their hard front wings are lids over the flying wings, as you see when a ladybird lifts its spotted cases. Who acts: Beetles, hard front wings, you, ladybird. A sentence of the lesson «Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers» --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/) / 3 # Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers, sentence 3 Beetles are the biggest family of animals on Earth: their hard front wings are lids over the flying wings, as you see when a ladybird lifts its spotted cases. **Who acts:** Beetles, hard front wings, you, ladybird · **What happens:** be, fly, see, lift, spot · **To what, where:** biggest family, lids, flying wings, spotted cases This is a sentence of the lesson «Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Beetles, hard front wings, you, ladybird), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:037-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers.lesson:3 # text = Beetles are the biggest family of animals on Earth: their hard front wings are lids over the flying wings, as you see when a ladybird lifts its spotted cases. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 037-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Beetles beetle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 biggest big ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 5 amod _ _ 5 family family NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 8 on on ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 Earth Earth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 nmod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=7:nmod|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 10 : : PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 11 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 12 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 13 front front ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=14:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 14 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ _ 15 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 cop _ _ 16 lids lid NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 parataxis _ _ 17 over over ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 19 flying fly VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 20 amod _ _ 20 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 nmod _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 22 as as SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 23 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 24 see see VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 advcl _ _ 25 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 28 advmod _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:det 27 ladybird ladybird NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=28:compound 28 lifts lift VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 advcl _ _ 29 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 30 spotted spot VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 31 amod _ _ 31 cases case NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 obj _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Beetles | the biggest family | | | | of animals on Earth | tree rules | | 2 | **is a** | present | Beetles's hard front wings | lids | | the flying wings | | | tree rules | | 3 | **fly** | gerund | | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **see** | present | you | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 5 | **lift** | present | a ladybird | ladybird's spotted cases | | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent case=Theme | | 6 | **spot** | participle | | | | | | | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:037-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies,…, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/2/) - next →: [Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies,…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/)