--- title: Beetles have two hard front wings called elytra that cover the flyin… — Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes… · tree and pragmatics description: Beetles have two hard front wings called elytra that cover the flying wings; about 400,000 kinds have been named, about one in four known kinds of animal. Who acts: Beetles, two hard front wings. A sentence of the lesson «Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers» of the biology --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / [Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies,…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/) / 9 # Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers, sentence 9 Beetles have two hard front wings called elytra that cover the flying wings; about 400,000 kinds have been named, about one in four known kinds of animal. **Who acts:** Beetles, two hard front wings · **What happens:** have, call, cover, fly, name, know · **To what, where:** two hard front wings, elytra, flying wings, 400,000 kinds · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies, mosquitoes, grasshoppers» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Beetles, two hard front wings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:biology:037-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers.lesson:9 # text = Beetles have two hard front wings called elytra that cover the flying wings; about 400,000 kinds have been named, about one in four known kinds of animal. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = biology # lesson = 037-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Beetles beetle NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 6 nummod _ _ 4 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 5 front front ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 7 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 acl _ _ 8 elytra elytra NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 xcomp _ _ 9 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 10 nsubj _ _ 10 cover cover VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 acl:relcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:acl:relcl 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 12 flying fly VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 13 amod _ _ 13 wings wing NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obj _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 15 about about ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 16 400,000 400,000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 17 nummod _ _ 17 kinds kind NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj:pass _ _ 18 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 19 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 20 aux:pass _ _ 20 named name VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 parataxis _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 about about ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=23:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 23 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 17 appos _ _ 24 in in ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 25 four four NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 27 nummod _ _ 26 known know VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=27:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 27 kinds kind NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nmod _ _ 28 of of ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 animal animal NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nmod _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Beetles | two hard front wings | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient | | 2 | **call** | participle | two hard front wings *not said here* | elytra | | | | | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **cover** | present | two hard front wings | the flying wings | | | | | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme wing=Destination | | 4 | **fly** | gerund | | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **name** | present · perfect · passive | | 400,000 kinds | | | | | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 6 | **know** | participle | | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:biology:037-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies,…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/8/) - next →: [Insects: butterflies, beetles, flies,…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/37-butterflies-beetles-flies-mosquitoes-grasshoppers/)