--- title: Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears», a lesson of the biology course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: Deep in a Ukrainian reserve a huge dark shape stands among the trees, as heavy as a small car: a Eu --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/) / Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, w… # Ukraine's forests: bison, elk, lynx, wolves and Carpathian brown bears Lesson 372 of the biology course of Mova's primary school: 19 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/0/) — Deep in a Ukrainian reserve a huge dark shape stands among the trees, as heavy as a small car: a European bison, zubr in Ukrainian, the heaviest land animal in Europe. - [1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/1/) — A hundred years ago the bison died out in the wild, and every bison alive today comes from just 12 animals kept in zoos. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/3/) — Ukraine's forests in Polissia and the Carpathians also hide giant elk wading in bogs, shy lynx with black ear tufts, wolves, a few hundred brown bears, turkey-sized capercaillies and black and yellow fire salamanders. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/4/) — Big plant-eaters keep clearings open, hunters keep plant-eaters moving, and even a fallen dead beech is full of life: beetles, fungi and woodpeckers live in it. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/5/) — A forest works like a team. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/6/) — The European bison, zubr in Ukrainian, is the heaviest land animal in Europe; a big bull weighs about 900 kilograms. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/7/) — It died out in the wild in the 1920s and was bred back from zoo animals, and every European bison today comes from just 12 animals. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/8/) — European bison eat grass, leaves, bark and twigs and keep forest clearings open; herds live in reserves in Polissia, the Carpathians and other parts of Ukraine. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/9/) — European bison are calmer than American bison but are still dangerous if people come too close. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/10/) — The elk, called a moose in America, is the biggest deer in the world; males grow huge flat antlers each summer and drop them each winter, a pair sometimes about 20 kilograms. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/11/) — Elk are good swimmers and eat water plants as well as twigs. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/12/) — The Eurasian lynx lives in the Carpathians and Polissia, is rare and protected, has big furry snowshoe paws, a short stubby tail and two black ear tufts, and hunts hares and roe deer. - [13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/13/) — Ukraine has a few thousand wolves, which hunt deer and boar and usually avoid people; in the folk tale Sirko an old dog and a wolf become friends. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/14/) — A few hundred brown bears live in the Ukrainian Carpathians, and near Lake Synevyr a centre cares for bears rescued from cages, circuses and restaurants. - [15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/15/) — Rescued bears can rarely go back to the wild because they never learned to look after themselves. - [16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/16/) — On bear trails people talk or sing so a bear hears them and moves away, pack food tightly and never feed bears; a bear standing on its back legs is usually just looking and smelling. - [17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/17/) — The capercaillie, hlukhar or «the deaf one» in Ukrainian, is the biggest grouse; for a moment in its clicking spring song it seems not to hear, and it is now rare. - [18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/18/) — The Ukrainian Carpathians have some of Europe's biggest old beech forests never cut by people, part of a World Heritage Site across several countries. - [19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/372-ukraine-s-forests-bison-elk-lynx-wolves-and-carpathian-brown-bears/19/) — The fire salamander lives in damp Carpathian forests; the old belief that it lives in fire probably came from salamanders crawling out of logs thrown on a fire, and its bright colours warn of poisonous skin. - ← previous: [Street dogs and cats: feeding, safety and never touching a strange animal](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/371-street-dogs-and-cats-feeding-safety-and-never-touching-a-strange-animal/) - next →: [Ukraine's steppe: marmots, sousliks, great bustards and Askania-Nova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/373-ukraine-s-steppe-marmots-sousliks-great-bustards-and-askania-nova/) - ↑ back to [Biology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/biology/)